730 MAMMALIA. 



inflated hyoid-bone forming a resonating chamber ; the sakis 

 (Pithecia) with very long tail; Nyctipithecus ; Chrysofhrix ; 

 the spider monkeys (Ateles) with exceedingly prehensile tail ; 

 the capuchins ( Ceinis), often imported into Europe. 



These two New World families are related to each other, 

 but their relation to the other monkeys is uncertain. Some 

 authorities believe that the New World Primates have 

 originated independently from the early N. American 

 lemurs. 



Family 3. Cercopithecid^e ( = Cynomorph Catarrhini). 

 Old World dog-like Apes. 



The Old World apes of this family are still quadrupeds, 

 and the snout or muzzle often justifies the term Cynomorph 

 or dog-like. There is a narrow internarial septum, to which 

 the term Catarrhini refers. The frontal and alisphenoid 

 are in contact, separating the parietal from the jugal. The 

 dentition is like that of the anthropoid apes and man, 2123. 

 The external auditory meatus is bony. The thumb is 

 opposable, except when it is rudimentary, as in Colobus. 

 The tail is not prehensile. Over the rough surfaces of the 

 everted ischia the skin forms callosities often brightly 

 coloured. The breast-bone is narrow. The caecum has no 

 vermiform appendix. 



In the sub-family Cercopithecidfe there are cheek pouches, the 

 stomach is simple, and the fore- and hind-limbs are almost equal. 



Examples. — The African baboons (Cynocephalus) e.g. the mandrill 



(C. maimon), notable for the bright colours of the face and hips 



in the adult males ; the macaques (Macacus), all Asiatic except 



the tailless Barbary ape (M. inuus) of N. Africa and Gibraltar ; 



the African Cercopithecus. 



In the sub-family Semnopithecinse there are no cheek pouches, the 



stomach is sacculated in a complex fashion, and the hind-limbs are 



longer than the fore-limbs. 



Examples. — The sacred Indian apes (Semnopithecus), the African 

 Colobus, and the proboscis monkey (Nasalis) of Borneo. 



Family 4. Simiid^e ( = Anthropomorph Catarrhini). 

 Anthropoid Apes. 



The Old World apes of this family are the Gibbons 

 (Hylobates), the Orangs (Simla), the Chimpanzees (Troglo- 

 dytes or Anthropopithecus), and the Gorillas (Gorilla). As 



