3n (^t lX}mkx ^nouo0 



at the outlet or the inlet of the lake; sometimes 

 through an opening maintained by spring water. 

 There are usually many entrances into the 

 waters of a frozen brook, — openings by cas- 

 cades and the holes that commonly remain in 

 the ice over swift waters. Excessive snow or 

 extreme cold may close all entrances and thus 

 exclude the ouzel from both food and water. 

 Down the mountain or southward the ouzel 

 then goes. 



i Woodpeckers and chickadees fare well despite 

 any combination of extreme cold or deep snow. 

 For the most part their food is the larvae or the 

 eggs that are deposited here and there in the 

 tree by hundreds of kinds of insects and para- 

 sites which afflict trees. Nothing except a heavy 

 sleet appears to make these food-deposits inac- 

 cessible. 



Most birds spend the winter months in the 

 South. But bad conditions may cause resident 

 birds and animals to migrate, even in midwin- 

 ter. Extremely unfavorable winters in British 

 Columbia will cause many birds that regularly 

 winter in that country to travel one or two 



273 



