Birds of Colorado 
b* Hind toe, when present, generally inserted above 
the level of the others ; loreal and orbital regions 
fully feathered. 
a® If wing is over fifteen inches, hind toe elevated 
above the others, if under ten inches, hind toe 
on a level with the others. Paludicole p. 89. 
b® Wing never over fifteen inches; hind toe when 
present short and elevated. Limicole, p. 99. 
b? Lower thighs feathered. 
at A soft fleshy cere at the base of the upper mandible. 
a> Bill strongly hooked and pointed. 
a® Three toes in front, one behind. 
a’ Feathers of the face forming a facial disk; 
eyes large and forwardly directed. 
Striges, p. 194. 
b? Feathers of the face not forming a facial 
disk ; eyes moderate and laterally directed. 
Accipitres, p. 161. 
b® Two toes in front, two behind ; cere sometimes 
feathered. Psittaci, p. 215. 
b® Bill more or less straight, not strongly hooked. 
Columbe, p. 156. 
bt No cere at base of upper mandible. 
a5 Hind toe small and elevated. Gallinz, p. 137. 
b® Hind toe well developed and on a level with the 
others. 
a’ Wing long of ten primaries ; tail of ten rectrices; 
bill very short with a very wide gape, or 
very long and slender, far exceeding the head. 
Machrochires, p. 241. 
b® Wing not very long; tail usually of twelve 
rectrices ; gape and bill moderate and normal. 
a’ Toes two in front and two behind; tail- 
feathers stiff and pointed: Pici, p. 222. 
b? Toes two in front and two behind, or three 
in front and one behind, if the latter, the 
middle and outer ones connected for half 
their length; tail-feathers not stiff and 
pointed. Coccyges, p. 216. 
Toes three in front and one behind; middle 
and outer toes not united. Passeres, p. 257. 
c 
