Ruddy Turnstone 137 
Two species are known, one nearly cosmopolitan, the other confined 
to the coasts of North America, 
Ruddy Turnstone. Arenaria interpres morinella. 
A.0.U. Checklist no 283a—Colorado Records—H. G. Smith 96, p. 65 ; 
Cooke 97, pp. 69, 201. 
Description.—Male in summer—Above, including the wings, varie- 
gated with chestnut, black and a little white ; upper tail-coverts white ; 
tail chiefly black, but white at the base and tips of the feathers; below 
white with a-black patch on either side of the fore-neck, surrounding 
white patches on the throat and either side of the head and neck ; 
iris and bill black, feet orange-red. Length 9-0; wing 6-0; tail 2-25 ; 
culmen 9-; tarsus 1-0. 
The female has less chestnut and the black is duller. In winter 
the upper-parts are brown, the feathers edged with fulvous or grey ; 
below white with the breast dusky, mottled with whitish. 
Distribution. Breeding far north from the Mackenzie River to 
perhaps Melville Island ; south on migration chiefly along the coasts 
as far as Patagonia and Chile; rare inland. 
The Turnstone is a rare straggler to Colorado ; H. G. Smith reported 
one from Sloans Lake near Denver, killed April 26th, 1890, and 
R. Borcherdt obtained eight out of a flock on Berkeley Lake, also close 
to Denver, May 18th, 1900. One of these latter specimens is exhibited 
in the Colorado Museum of Natural History in Denver. Hersey took 
one out of a bunch of three at Barr, September 9th, 1907. 
ORDER GALLIN. 
This order contains the game-birds, such as Pheasants, 
Grouse, Turkeys, Brush-Turkeys and Curassows ; they 
can easily be recognized by their short, arched bills, 
their strong legs, well adapted to walking, and their 
rounded, rather feeble wings ; the tarsus is often armed, 
especially among the males, with a strong, sharp spur ; the 
hallux is always present, and in all the Colorado species 
is jointed above the level of the other toes; the wing 
has ten primaries, but the number and arrangement 
of the tail-feathers is subject to considerable variation. 
The nest is usually placed on the ground, and the young, 
