260 Birds of Colorado 
b? Feet of normal size; tarsus always longer than the culmen, 
a? Larger, wing three to four inches; bill narrow, its width 
at nostrils barely half the length of culmen. 
Sayornis, p, 266. 
b? Smaller, wing 2-25 to 3-25; bill broad, its width at 
nostrils equal to or exceeding half the length of the 
culmen. Empidonax, p. 272, 
Genus TYRANNUS. 
Moderate-sized birds with wings from four to six inches; wings 
with the tips of the outer primaries more or less attenuated; tail 
less than three-fourths the length of the wing and never deeply forked ; 
a concealed crown-patch of yellow or orange in the adults. 
This genus ranges over the whole of temperate and tropical America. 
Three out of ten described species occur in Colorado as follows :— 
A. Plumage black, grey and white; no yellow. T. tyrannus, p. 260. 
B. Abdomen and under tail-coverts canary-yellow. 
a. Outer (tenth) primary about the same length as ninth, longer 
than fifth; shaft and whole of outer web of outer tail- 
feathers markedly white below. T. verticalis, p. 262. 
b. Outer (tenth) primary markedly shorter than ninth, also 
shorter than fifth; outer web of outer tail-feathers paler, 
and merely edged with white. T. vociferans, p, 263. 
Kingbird. Tyrannus tyrannus. 
A.O.U. Checklist no 444—Colorado Records—Allen 72, p. 150; 
Aiken 72, p. 205; Trippe 74, p. 236; Henshaw 75, p. 341; Allen & 
Brewster 83, p. 194 ; Beckham 85, p. 142; Morrison 89, p. 146; Bendire 
92, p. 236; Lowe 92, p. 101; Cooke 97, pp. 19, 87, 209; Keyser 02, 
p. 97; Henderson 03, p. 235; 09, p. 232; Dille 03, p. 74; Warren 
06, p. 21; 08, p. 21; Gilman 07, p. 154; Rockwell 08, p. 165; Cary 
09, p. 182. 
Description.—Dark slate above, becoming black on the head and tail ; 
below and edges of the wings and tail white, a grey patch across the 
chest, a concealed patch of orange-red along the middle of the crown ; 
tips of the two outer primaries attenuated. Length 8:0; wing 4-80; 
tail 3-50; tarsus -75; culmen -62. 
The female resembles the male, but the orange patch is more re- 
stricted and the tips of the primaries less attenuated ; the young bird 
has no crown-patch, and the edges of the wings and tail are brownish. 
Distribution.— Breeding throughout temperate North America from 
southern British Columbia and Nova Scotia southwards, chiefly east 
of the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico; wintering in Cuba, 
the Bahamas, Central and South America to southern Bolivia. 
