Western Flycatcher 273 
a. Tail even; size larger; wing about 2-70. 
a Above duller and more brownish ; culmen longer, about -5 ; 
lower mandible dusky. E. trailli, p. 274. 
b! Above brighter and more greenish ; culmen shorter, about -4; 
lower mandible whitish. E. t. alnorum, p. 275, 
b. Tail slightly emarginate ; size much smaller; wing about 2-55. 
E. minimus, p. 275- 
C. Yellow wash of under-side overlaid by the extended area of the 
grey of the breast ; throat more or less grey ; tail emarginate. 
a. Tenth (outer) primary longer than the fifth; bill small and 
narrow ; culmen about -40. E. hammondi, p. 276. 
b. Tenth (outer) primary shorter than the fifth. 
at Smaller; wing about 2-75; bill large; culmen -52, lower 
mandible dark. E. wrighti, p, 277. 
b! Larger; wing 2-85; bill smaller; culmen -50; lower 
mandible pale, tipped dusky. E. griseus, p. 278. 
Western Flycatcher. Hmpidonax difficilis. 
A.O.U. Checklist no 464—Colorado Records—Ridgway 73, p. 184; 
Trippe 74, p. 258; Henshaw 75, p. 359; Minot 80; p. 231; Drew 81; 
p. 140; Tresz 81, p. 183; Allen & Brewster 83, p. 195; Drew 85, p. 17; 
Morrison 89, p. 146; Kellogg 90, p. 90; Bendire 92, p. 298; Cooke 
97, pp. 88, 209; Henderson 03, p. 107; 09, p. 233. 
Description. Above dull olive-brown ; wings and tail dusky brown, 
the outer webs edged with yellowish-olive, the middle- and greater- 
coverts strongly tipped with greenish-brown, forming a conspicuous 
double wing-band ; below pale primrose, soiled with buffy-olive on the 
breast and neck, paling slightly on the throat, which is distinctly 
yellow; a pale yellow orbital ring; outer (tenth) primary distinctly 
shorter than the fifth; tail emarginate; iris brown, upper mandible 
dark brown, lower pale yellowish ; legs dusky brown. Length 5-10 
wings 2-85; tail 2-40; culmen -45; tarsus -62. 
The sexes are alike ; the young are browner above and the wing-band 
more ochraceous. 
Distribution.—Breeding throughout the western half of North 
America, from Alaska and western Manitoba southwards to western 
Texas, northern Mexico and California; in winter, south to Oaxaca 
and Guererro in southern Mexico. 
In Colorado the Western Flycatcher is u regular summer resident 
in the mountains and neighbouring foothills, breeding up to 10,000 
feet, but not apparently in the plains. It has been recorded from Estes 
Park, 8,000 feet (Kellogg) ; Gold Hill, breeding from 8,500 feet to 10,000 
T 
