b. 
Fringillidae 321 
b& Plumage always with pink in males; claw of 
hind toe short, curved and normal. 
Carpodacus (in part), p. 328. 
b? Wing more rounded; difference between primaries 
and secondaries less than tarsus; inner secondaries 
elongated. 
a5 Wings longer, clearly exceeding the tail and tarsus 
together. Passerculus, p. 356. 
b® Wings shorter, hardly equal to the tail and tarsus 
together. Ammodramus, p. 359. 
Tail longer, from -7 to -9 of the wing. 
a? Wing pointed; difference between the primaries and 
secondaries exceeding the length of the tarsus. 
a? Tail forked, even or slightly rounded, but difference 
between inner and outer feathers always less than 
culmen. 
at Nostrils concealed by forwardly growing nasal bristles. 
a5 La.ge; wing over 4; bill strongly hooked. 
Pinicola, p. 327. 
b> Smaller; wing about 3; bill very slender and 
compressed. Acanthis, p. 340. 
bt Nostrils exposed. 
a’ Bill very large and deep; lower mandible dis- 
tinetly deeper than the upper. Zamelodia, p. 398. 
b> Bill moderate; upper and lower mandibles of 
approximately equal depth. 
a® Claw of hind toe elongated and straight. 
Calcarius, p. 350. 
b*® Claw of hind toe short, curved and normal. 
Carpodacus (in part), p. 328. 
b? Tail graduated, difference between inner and outer 
feathers equal to culmen ; upper mandible distinctly 
deeper than the lower. Chondestes, p. 361. 
b? Wing moderately pointed ; difference between primaries 
and secondaries about equal to the tarsus. 
a? Upper mandible deeper than the lower; nostrils more 
or less concealed. Passer, p. 348, 
b® Lower mandible distinctly deeper than the upper. 
a‘ Inner secondaries not elongated ; tail-feathers broad 
and rounded. 
a> Larger ; wing over 3; culmen rounded, not ridged. 
Guiraca, p. 401. 
b> Smaller ; wing under 3; culmen distinctly ridged. 
Passerina (in part), p. 403. 
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