394 Birds of Colorado 
Arctic Towhee. Pipilo maculatus arcticus. 
A.O.U. Checklist no 588—Colorado Records—Cooke 97, p. 107; 
Gilman 07, p. 157 ; Rockwell 08, p. 173 ; Henderson 09, p. 237 (some 
of the records of P. m. montanus may refer to this subspecies). 
Description.—Closely resembling P. m. montanus and distinguished. 
only by the relative characters of a shorter tail, tarsus, and hind claw, 
a smaller bill and a greater extension of the white patches on the tail. 
Wing 3-25; tail 3-80; culmen -50; tarsus 1-0; hind claw -4; white. 
on the lateral tail-feather 1-35. 
Colorado specimens of this and the previous subspecies are most 
of them intermediate, which is not surprising, as this region lies more. 
or less between the centres of the breeding areas of the two races, but: 
on the whole those examples I have examined seem nearer to P. m. 
monianus. 
Distribution. Breeding in the plains and eastern foothills of the 
Rocky Mountains from Montana and perhaps Wyoming, northwards 
to the Saskatchewan, south in winter as far as Utah and Texas. 
In Colorado a few Towhees winter in the foothills ; these and other 
birds passing south in the fall and returning north in the spring are 
probably referable to this subspecies, but the difficulty of separating 
the two forms renders it impossible to give a satisfactory account of. 
their respective ranges. 
Canon Towhee. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus. 
A.O.U. Checklist no 591—Colorado Records—Aiken 72, p. 202; 
Beckham 87, p. 123; Lowe 94, p. 269; Cooke 97, p. 108; Smith 08,. 
p. 188; Cary 09, p. 182 ; Henderson 09, p. 238. 
Description.—_Male—General colour above pale greyish-brown, 
becoming dusky on the tail; crown chestnut-rufous; below grey, 
washed with buffy, becoming almost white on the middle of the abdo- 
men, and tawny on the lower flanks and under tail-coverts; chest 
slightly mottled with black ; a narrow terminal tawny band on the 
tail-feathers below; iris light brown, bill dusky brown, legs light 
brown. Length 7-80; wing 3-75; tail 4-0; culmen -54; tarsus 1-0. 
The sexes are alike. 
Distribution.—A resident from the Arkansas Valley of Colorado, 
southwards through Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas to 
northern Mexico. 
In Colorado the Cafion Towhee is a common resident in the south of 
the State as far as the Arkansas Valley; there is an example from 
Red Carfion, near Colorado City, in the Aiken collection, and it has 
recently been seen by the writer on Camp Creek, close by Colorado. 
City, constantly throughout the winter, while Smith has lately recorded. 
