Black and White Warbler 44] 
Black and White Warbler. Jniotilta varia. 
A.O.U. Checklist no 636—Colorado Records—Minot 80, p. 226; 
Morrison 88, p. 72 ; Cooke 97, p. 113 ; 04, p. 18 ; Henderson 03, p. 237 ; 
09, p. 239 ; Chapman 07, p. 38 ; Smith 08, p. 190. 
Description.—Male—Crown and sides of the head black, with a 
central and two lateral white streaks through and above the eye ; 
back striped black and white; upper tail-coverts black with white 
edges ; wings and tail black with white or grey margins to most of the 
feathers ; wing with double wing-bar formed by the white tips of the 
median and greater coverts, tail with the two outer feathers with a 
terminal white spot on the inner web ; below, the throat black, centre 
of abdomen white, rest of the under-parts black and white striped ; 
iris and bill black, legs dusky horn. Length 4-5; wing 2-75 ; tail 2-10; 
eulmen -40 ; tarsus -60. 
The female is duller in colour than the male; the ear-coverts are 
buffy, not black, bordered above by a narrow streak of black, the throat 
is white, and the streaks of the under-parts less distinct and the white 
ground-colour tinged with buffy. The young bird resembles the 
female, but the colouring is even less distinct and the white 
more buffy. 
Distribution.— Breeding in eastern North America from the Mac- 
kenzie Valley and Newfoundland to Virginia and Texas, wintering 
along the Gulf coasts, in the West Indies and through Mexico to Ecuador 
and Venezuela. 
The Black and White Warbler is a rare straggler into Colorado ; 
it has been observed but not obtained on four occasions only—at 
Boulder on June Ist, 1880, by Minot; at Fort Lewis by Morrison ; 
at Table Rock near Palmer Lake by Brenninger (Cooke), and at Holly 
in Prowers co. on May 28rd, 1907, by H. G. Smith. 
Habits.—The Black and White Warbler is dis- 
tinguished by its Creeper-like habits; it runs actively 
up tree trunks and along the branches of the deciduous 
trees among which it is chiefly met with, with all the 
agility of a Creeper or Nuthatch. It is not known to 
breed in Colorado, but in the east the nest is usually 
placed on the ground, under the shelter of a tree trunk, 
rock or fallen log ; the eggs, four or five in number, are 
creamy-white, heavily spotted with various shades of 
brown and lavender, and measure ‘66 x ‘53. 
