Orange-crowned Warbler 445 
Orange-crowned Warbler. Vermivora celata. 
A.O.U. Checklist no 646—Colorado Records—Aiken 72, p. 196; 
Henshaw 75, p. 191; Minot 79, p. 226; Allen & Brewster 83, p. 156; 
Drew 85, p. 15; Beckham 87, p. 123; Lowe 92, p. 101; 94, p. 269; 
H. G. Smith 96, p. 76 (H. c. lutescens) ; Cooke 97, pp. 19, 113; 04, p. 40; 
Henderson 03, p. 237 ; 09, p. 239 ; Oberholser 05, p. 243 (H. c. orestera) ; 
Warren 06, p. 23 ; Chapman 07, p. 89. 
Description.—General colour above greyish-olive, brighter and purer 
on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; crown with an orange-chestnut 
patch, hidden more or less by the olive-green tips to the feathers ; 
an orbital ring of pale yellow ; wings and tail dusky, unmarked ; below 
pale greenish-yellow, with « dusky or greyish wash, clearest on the 
under tail-coverts; iris brown; bill horny-brown, under mandible 
paler ; legs brownish-horny. Length 4-60 ; wing 2-40; tail 2-0 ; culmen 
-40 ; tarsus -70. 
The female is indistinguishable from the male, though generally 
rather duller and very slightly smaller. Young birds have no crown- 
patch ; the wing-coverts are pale tipped, and the general coloration 
is duller and more buffy. 
The Orange-crowned Warblers of eastern Colorado which have 
been examined appear to be on the whole nearest to the typical eastern 
form and quite separable from Californian birds (H. c. lutescens), though 
@ specimen in the Aiken collection from Mosca Pass, taken on June 
28th, is rather brighter and perhaps somewhat intermediate. Ober- 
holser (05) has recently distinguished a Rocky Mountain race (V. c. 
orestera) intermediate in colour between the brighter California and 
duller Middle States races. Should this new race be “‘ passed’ by the 
A.O.U. Committee, the Colorado bird will certainly be referred to it. 
Distribution.—Breeding from Alaska and Manitoba south along the 
Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and Arizona. In winter south to 
Vera Cruz in central Mexico, and east over the Mississippi Valley 
and Gulf states to South Carolina. The form ‘‘ orestera”’ is stated 
by Oberholser to breed from British Columbia, through the Rocky 
Mountains to southern California and New Mexico, and to go south 
in winter to lower California and southern Mexico. 
In Colorado the Orange-crown is far from uncommon during 
migration, arriving from the south the first week in May (Fort Lyon 
May 9th, Thorne ; El Paso co. May 2nd, Aiken ; Loveland May 2nd, 
W. G. Smith), and passing south again late in September. It is stated 
to breed in the mountains from 6,000 to 9,000 feet, but I have not 
been able to find any direct evidence of its doing so. It is chiefly met 
with on the eastern plains and foothills, as the following additional 
records show: Boulder May 21st (Henderson), Denver (Henshaw), 
Limon, Lincoln co. (Aiken), Pueblo (Lowe), Salida May Ist (Frey), 
