THE VOLATILE PAET OF PLANTS. 35 



As this gas makes no peculiar impressions on the senses, 

 we employ its behavior towards other bodies for its recog- 

 nition. 



Exp. 5. — Place a bui-niug splinter of -wood in a vessel of oxygen (lift- 

 ed for that purpose, mouth upward, from the water). The flame is at 

 once greatly increased in brilliancy. Now remove the splinter from the 

 bottle, blow out the flame, and thrust the still glowing point into the 

 oxygen. It is instantly relighted. The experiment may be repeated 

 many times. This is the usual test for oxygen gas. 



Combustion. — Wben the chemical union of two bodies 

 takes place with such energy as to produce visible phe- 

 nomena of fire or flame, the process is called combustion. 

 Bodies that burn are combustibles, and the gas in which 

 a substance burns is called a supporter of combustion. 



Oxygen is the grand supporter of combustion, and all 

 the oases of burning met with in ordinary exjjerience are 

 instances of chemical union between the oxygen of the at- 

 mosphere and some other body or bodies. 



The rapidity or intensity of combustion depends upon 

 the quantity of oxygen and of the combustible that unite 

 within a given time. Forcing a stream of air into a fire 

 increases the supply of oxygen and excites a more vigor- 

 ous combustion, whether it be done by a bellows or re- 

 sult from ordinary draught. 



Oxygen exists in our atmosphere to the extent of about 

 one-fifth of the bulk of the latter. When a burning body 

 is brought into unmixed oxygen, its combustion is, of 

 course, more rapid than in ordinary air, four-fifths of 

 which is a gas, presently to be noticed, that is nearly in- 

 difierent in its chemical afiinities toward most bodies. 



In the ail- a piece of burning charcoal soon goes out ; 

 but if plunged into oxygen, it burns with great rapidity 

 and brilliancy. 



EiP. 6.— Attach a slender bit of charcoal to one end of a sharpened 

 wire that is passed through a wide cork or card; heat the charcoal to 

 redness in the flame of a lamp, and then insert it into a bottle of oxygen. 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



