TABLE OF CONTENTS. IS 



Chap. II.—PEIM ART Elements or Oeganio Stbuotuke 222 



§ 1. The Vegetable Cell iasj 



1 2. Vegetable Tissues .• 232 



Chap. m. — Vegetative Organs 234 



§1. The Hoot ^234 



Spongioles, Root Cap 235 



OiBces of Root , 238 



Delicacy of Striictiire 239 



Apparent Search for Food 241 



Root-hairs 243 



Contact of Roots with Soil 245 



Absorption bj' Root 248 



Soil Roots, Water Roots, Air Roots 282 



Excretions . 258 



§2. The Stem 260 



Buds 261 



Layers, Tillering 264 



Root-Stocks 265 



Tubers 266 



Structure of the Stem 267 



Endogenous Plants 268 



Exogenous " 273 



Sieve-cells 280 



§ 3. Leaves 283 



Leaf Pores 285 



Exhalation of Water Vapor 287 



Offices of Foliage ■ 290 



Chap. IV.— REPKODuoTrvB Obgans 291 



§ 1. The Flower 291 



Fertilization 294 



Hybridizincj 295 



Darwin's Hypothesis 298 



§ 2. Fruit 300 



Seed .302 



Endosperm 303 



Embryo : 302 



§ 3. Vitality of seeds and their influence on the Plants they produce.305 



Duration of Vitality 305 



Use of old, unripe and light seeds 307 



Church's Experiments on Seed Wheat 308 



DIVISION in. -LIFE OF THE PLANT. 

 Chap. I.— Germination 310 



§ 1. Introductory 310 



§ 2. Phenomena of Germination 311 



§ 3. Conditions of Germination 312 



Proper Depth of Sowing 316 



§ 4, Chemical Physiology of Germination 318 



Chemistry of Malt 319 



Chap. II.— § 1. Food of the Plant when independent of the Seed 327 



§ 2, The Juices of the Plant. Their Natiu-e and Movements 330 



Flow of Sap 331 



Bleeding 332 



Composition of Sap 337 



Kinds of Sap 338 



Motion of Nutrient Matters 840 



§ 3. Causes of Motion of the Juices .346 



Porosity of Tissues 346 



Imbibition 346 



Capillary Attraction 349 



Liquid Diffusion 351 



Osmose or Membrane Diffusion 354 



Root Action 360 



Selective Power of Plant 362 



S 4. Mechanical Effects of Osmose 368 



§5. Direction of Vegetable Growth 370 



APPENDIS.— TABLES. 

 Table I.— Composition of the Ash of Agriculfl Plants and Products. Averages..370 



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