TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Inteoduction 1'' 



DIVISION I.— CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE PLANT. 



Chap. I.— The Volatile Part of Plants 28 



§ 1. Distinctions and Definitions 28 



§ 8. Elements of the Volatile Part of Plants 31 



Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Phosphor- 

 us, Ultimate Composition of Organic Matter 45 



§3. Chemical Affinity 4B 



1 4. Vegetable Organic Compounds or Proximate Elements 52 



1. Water 63 



3. Cellulose Group 55 



3. Pectose " 81 



4. Vegetable Acids.. 85 



6. Fats 89 



6. Albuminoids 94 



Appendix, Chlorophyll, etc 109 



Chap. H.— The Ash op Plants Ill 



§ 1. Ingredients of the Ash Ill 



Non-metallic Xilements 112 



Carbon and its Compounds 113 



Sulphur " " " 114 



Phosphorus" " " 117 



Silicon " " " 119 



Metallic Elements 123 



Potassium and its Compounds 124 



Sodium " " '" 184 



Calcium " " " 125 



Magnesium and its Compounds 126 



Iron " " " 137 



Manganese " " " 188 



Salts 139 



Carbonates 130 



Sulphates 132 



Phosphates laS 



Chlorides 135 



Nitrates 136 



§ 2. Quantity, Distribution, and Variations of the Ash 138 



Table of Proportions of Ash in Vegetable Matter 139 



§ 3. Special Composition of the Ash of Agricultural Plants 147 



1. Constant Ingredients 143 



2. Uniform composition of normal specim's of given plant.l4S 

 Table of Ash-analyses 150 



3. Composition of Different parts of Plant 157 



4. Like composition of similar plants 159 



5. Variability of ash of same species 160 



6. What is normal composition of the ash of a plant ? 103 



7. To what extent is each ash-ingredient essential or acci- 



dental 166 



Water-culture 167 



Essential ash-ingredients 172 



Is Soda Essential to Agricultural Plants ! 172 



Oxide of Iron indispensable 178 



Oxide of Manganese unessential 170 



Is chlorine indispensable ? ,,, ISO 



Silica is not essential '. !]'lS3 



Ash-ingredients taken up in excess '.'.'.'.'.'.'..,'. .IS" 



Disposition of superfluous matters 189 



State of Ash-ingredients in plant 193 



§4. Functions of the Ash-ingredients ....196 



Chap. HI.— § 1. Quantitative Relations among the Ingredients of Plants. ! ! ! ! ! 201 

 S 2. Composition of the plant in successive stages of growth 20-3 

 Composition and Growth of the Oat Plant 'XH 



DIVISION n.— THE STRUCTURE OP THE PLANT AND OFFICES OF 

 ITS ORGANS. 



Chap. I. — Genebaltties , ,^ 2oo 



Organism, Organs ..,] ' gjj 



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