298 now CEOPS grow. 



degree departed from the original specific type. Thus 

 nature puts the same limit to variation within a species 

 that she has established against the mixing of species. 



Darwin's Hypothesis, which is now accepted by many 

 naturalists, is to the effect that species, as above defined, 

 do not exist, but that new kinds (so-called species) of ani- 

 mals and plants may arise by variation, and that all exist- 

 ing animals and plants may have developed by a process 

 of " natural selection " from one original type. Our ob- 

 ject here is not to discuss this intricate question, but sim- 

 ply to put the reader in possession of the meaning attach- 

 ed to the terms currently emi)loyed in science — terms 

 which must long continue in use and which are necessarily 

 found in these pages.* 



Genus, (plural Genera.) — In the language of anti-Dar- 

 winianism, any set of oaks that are capable of reproducing 

 their kind by seed, but cannot mix their seed witli other 

 oaks, constitute a species. Thus, the white oak is one 

 species, the red oak is another, the water oak is a third, 

 the live oak a fourth, and so on. AH the oaks, white, red, 

 etc., taken together, form a group which has a series of 

 characters in common that distinguishes them from all other 

 trees and plants. Such a group of species is called a genus. 



Families or Orders, in botanical language, are groups 

 of genera that agree in certain particulars. Thus the sev- 

 eral plants well-known as mallows, hollyhock, okra, and 

 cotton, are representatives of as many different genera. 

 They all agree in a number of points, especially as regards 

 the structure of their fruit. They ai-e accordingly group- 

 ed together into a natural family or order, which differs 

 from all others. 



Classes, Series, and Classification. — Classes .are groups 



* For a masterly statement of the facts and evidence bearing on tliese points, 

 wliicli are of tlie greatest importance to ttie agricnltuiist, see Darwin^s worliB 

 " On tlae Origin of Species," and " On tlie Variation of Animals' and Plants 

 under Domestication." , 



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