16 



Liquid measure. 

 1 minim (min.). 



1 fluid dram (fl. dr.) 60 minims. 



1 fluid ounce (fl. oz.) . _ 8 fluid drams. 



1 pint (O.) 16 fluid ounces. 



1 quart (Oil.) 32 fluid ounces. 



1 gallon (CI. ) 4 quarts. 



CHAPTEE in. 

 ANATOMY. 



The skeleton is the framework for the support of the softer 

 structures, and is composed of 316 bones, exclusive of the teeth, 

 of various sizes and forms. 



Flat bones are found covering vital organs, i. e., skull, ribs, 

 and scapula; long bones are found principally in the extremities, 

 for the support of the body. 



The spinal column is composed of bones of very irregular shape, 

 which are divided into five groups according to their location, 

 and are known as vertebrae. Commencing at the back of the 

 head, the first seven are called the cervical vertebras, or bones of 

 the neck; the next eighteen are called the dorsal vertebrae, form- 

 ing the main part of the back; the next six or seven, the lumbar 

 vertebrae, form the loins; the croup or sacrum, composed of five 

 bones, which in the adult animal are united together as one bone; 

 and following this are found the coccyx or tail bones, numbering 

 from thirteen to twenty. 



The ribs are eighteen on each side, attached above to the dorsal 

 vertebrae and below, the first eight (true ribs) by cartilage to the 

 sternum or breastbone; the remainiag ten, known as false or 

 floating ribs, are attached by cartilage to one another and indi- 

 rectly to the sternum: they form the walls of the chest and serve 

 as a protection for the heart, lungs, and large blood vessels. 



The skull, containing cavities (or chambers), is composed of 

 irregularly-shaped flat bones, the most important of which is the 

 cranium, or brainpan, occupied by the brain and communicat- 

 ing with the bony channel passing through the center of the 

 cervical, dorsal, lumbar, sacral, and sometimes the first two or 



