48 



varies; the discharge is usually from one nostril, but both may- 

 be affected; in very old cases small ulcers may occasionally be 

 seen in the nostrils; they are superficial and defined by sharp 

 edges that are not thickened, and heal without leaving a scar. 

 The ulcer of glanders may be found in the nostril, but the edges 

 are shaped like saw teeth, and when healed a jagged scar remains. 

 Treatment. — It is essentially local and coiaprises the following 

 means: Fumigation (steaming) with hot water, to which may 

 be added 2 ounces of creolin or 3 ounces of carbolic acid to a half- 

 bucketful of water, steaming to continue at least one-half hour 

 twice daily, and the injection into the nostril or nostrils of the 

 following: A 5 per cent solution of creolin or a one-half per cent 

 solution nitrate of silver three times daily, or iodoform may be 

 blown into the nose. In most cases, when the discharge is from 

 one nostril only, an operation is necessary to effect a cure. As 

 the symptoms of this disease are so similar to glanders, the ani- 

 mal should be isolated. The utensils, such as buckets, forks, 

 brooms, currycombs, blankets, etc., should not be used about 

 other horses. 



PHARYNGITIS AND LARYNGITIS — SORE THROAT. 



This is an inflammation of the lining membrane immediately 

 in the rear of the mouth and is caused by irritating bodies bruis- 

 ing the tissues, cold, sudden changes in the temperature, and 

 infection. 



Symptoms. — Diminution of the appetite, cough, stiffness of the 

 head, soreness when pressure is applied to the throat, a consid- 

 erable amount of mucous and, saliva in the mouth, escaping in 

 long, transparent threads. Drinks are ejected through the nose 

 and are often of a greenish color and contain quantities of food. 

 Swallowing of Uquids is painful. Temperature may range from 

 normal to 106° F., with difficulty in breathing. 



Treatment. — The sick animal should be separated from the 

 well ones and be placed in a comfortable box stall, free from 

 drafts, but well ventilated, and should be given green food or 

 very fine hay, steamed oats, bran, or flour slops; fresh water 

 should be left within reach. 



The lips and nostrils should be kept perfectly clean and the 

 mouth washed' frequently with fresh water, to which may be 

 added a little vinegar or salt. Cold compresses should be used 



