65 



In order to correctly diagnose obscure cases (those with no out' 

 ward symptoms) we must resort to the use of mallein. This is a 

 liquid, the injection of which will cause a reaction (rise in tem- 

 perature) in glandered horses apparently enjoying the best of 

 health. 



Treatment. — This disease is not only contagious to horses, mules, 

 and men, but is incurable in all alike: therefore the first step to 

 be taken when a suspicious case presents itself is to isolate the 

 animal, and as soon as you are satisfied that glanders exists the 

 animal should be killed at once and the carcass burned. Every- 

 thing in the way of partitions, mangers, feed boxes, buckets, and 

 all stable utensils must be burned, and the stalls and surround- 

 ings thoroughly disinfected. Chloride of lime 8 ounces, water 

 1 gallon, make a good and efQcient disinfectant. With this solu- 

 tion all parts of the stable in which the affected animal stood 

 must be thoroughly washed. 



(Taken from the Emergency Report on Surra, issued by the U. S. Bureau of Animal 

 Industry, Agricultural Department, 1902.) 



This is a disease of the Tropics, and is caused by a very small 

 parasite which lives in the blood, the evidence now acces.sible 

 indicating that this parasite is transmitted by means of fly bites. 

 It is chiefly a wet- weather disease, and is reported as very fatal 

 to horses and mules. 



Symptoms. — The sick animal at first shows a temperature rang- 

 ing from 103° to 107° F.; pulse full; breathing increased and 

 abdominal; appetite variable from poor to good, but never en- 

 tirely lost: the membranes slightly congested; swellings of the 

 belly, sheath, and legs soon appear. In some cases they may not 

 be present, emaciation taking place instead. At this point in 

 progress of the disease the temperature is variable and of inter- 

 mittent character. Some of the cases last for a long time, being 

 in the hospital for two or three months before ending in recovery 

 or death. As the disease progresses toward a fatal termination 

 the animal grows very weak, particularly in the hind legs, sways 

 from side to side when walking, and may go down and be unable 

 to get uj-. 



