66 



The. feces are of a normal character, no raarked constipation 

 or diarrhea being present. The urine seems to be increased in 

 quantity. 



Urticarial (pimply) eruption is a prominent symptom. 



Treatment. — No satisfactory treatment has been found, but the 

 administration of arsenic has been followed by good results. 



Prevention is difficult; it should consist in protecting horses 

 and mules from flies. 



TETANUS — LOCKJAW. 



Tetanus is an infectious disease, the specific cause of which is 

 a bacillus (rod-shaped gei'm) which is very common and appears 

 in the shape of a fine, straight little stick provided vnth a small 

 head. 



The germ is found in the superficial layer of the earth in gar- 

 dens, around buildings, stables, etc. 



This disease, when present, is always caused by a wound, 

 more espscially one produced by a nail puncture. 



The germ will not develop in the presence of oxygen, conse- 

 quently all punctured wounds of the foot should be freely opened 

 to admit of the introduction of air, as well as to allow of 

 thorough cleansing with an antiseptic. A horse with a wound 

 so treated is not very liable to develop tetanus. 



In warm countries, espscially in tropical climates, cases of 

 tetanus are much more frequent than in cold regions. 



Symptoms. — Tetanic spasms (a spasmodic and continuous con- 

 traction of the muscles) appear, as a rule, in the muscles of the 

 neck and head; from these it extends to the shoulders, trurk, 

 and extremities; or the stiffness may start in the region of the 

 injured organ or member. 



Contraction of the masseter muscles; the inferior maxillary is 

 no longer able to execute the slightest movement, then the pre- 

 hension and mastication of food become difficult or quite impos- 

 sible. This inability to open the jaws has caused this disease to 

 bs given the name of lockjaw. 



Contraction of the great posterior muscle of the eye causes a 

 retraction of this organ within the orbit (orbital fossa) , and a 

 protrusion of the naembrana nictitans (haw) upon the eyeball. 



The animal is very stiff, holds his head in an extended position 

 as if suffering from a sore throat; the tail is elevated and the 



