THE DOG. 37 



apparent, for without these qualities no such 

 combination could be successfully carried out. 

 Again, when the prey is within reach, it often 

 requires the united efforts of the whole pack, 

 acting intelligently in concert, to pull it down. 

 If a number of wolves or wild doss were scattered 

 over a district, each acting for himself independ- 

 ently, as cats do, large animals, such as the elk 

 or bison, would be of no use to them as articles 

 of diet, and they might starve in the midst of 

 plenty. But if they combine and act under the 

 guidance of experienced leaders, they can at once 

 utilise what would else be, in canine economy, a 

 waste product. 



As has been pointed out, this indispensable co- 

 operation at once involves the elements of politics 

 and morals. The obedience of the young and 

 inexperienced to their leaders, and the observance 

 of certain rules of conduct, are a sine qitd non of 

 the success of any strategic combination. 



It follows, therefore, that the young of gre- 

 garious animals of all kinds, and especially those 

 of this type, are submissive and teachable, and 

 have thus the very qualities we desire in creatures 

 which are to be trained for our special use. In 

 fact, we have here the natural basis for that 



