Carthamine 
catenulate 
Carth’amine, red colouring matter 
from flowers of Carthamus tinctorius, 
Linn. 
cartilag’inous, cartilagin’eus (Lat., 
gristly), hard and tough, as the skin 
of an apple-pip. 
Carunc'le, Carunc’wla (Lat., a little 
piece of flesh), a wart or protuber- 
ance near the hilum of a seed; 
carune'ulate, caruncula’tus, possess- 
ing a caruncle. 
Caryokine’sis or Caryocine’sis (Crozier) 
=KaryYoxIvests ; nuclear division. 
caryolyt/ic (xdpvov, a nut, Avoxs, a loos- 
ing), relating to nuclear dissolution. 
caryophylla’ceous, -ceus; caryophyl- 
lV’eous, -lous, used of a corolla hav- 
ing petals with a long claw as 
in Dianthus Caryophylius, Linn., 
whence the name ; caryophylla’tus, 
=the same. 
Car’yoplasm (xdpvov, a nut=nucleus, 
mrdopna, moulded), Vuillemin’s term 
for the plasma of the nucleus ; 
Caryop’sis (dys, resemblance)= 
Castorsty Car’yosomes (cwya, the 
body), the constituents of the 
nucleus (Vuillemin). 
Cas’ein, see PLANT-CASEIN. 
Casque = GALEA. 
cassid’eous, -cus (cassis, a helmet), 
helmet-shaped, as the upper sepal 
in Aconitum. 
cas’sus (Lat., empty), empty, as an 
anther destitute of pollen. 
casta’neus (Lat.), chestnut-coloured. 
cast’ing, prematurely shedding leaves, 
or fruit. 
cas’trate, castra‘tus(Lat., gelded), said 
of a defective part, as a filament 
without an anther ; Castra’tion, in 
botany ; (1) removal of anthers for 
artificial crossing ; (2) the action of 
Ostilago, ete. on Lychnis and allied 
genera; divided into amphig’enous 
~, transformation in either stamens 
or pistils ; androg’enous ~, produe- 
tion of anthers ; thelyg’ynous, pro- 
duction of pistils in male-host. 
Cas'ual (casualis, fortuitous), H. C. 
Watson’s term for an occasional 
weed of cultivation, which is not 
naturalised. 
45 
catabol’ic (xara, down; Bddos, a throw), 
adj. of Catabolism, destructive 
metabolism of the protoplasm, or 
the formation of simpler substances 
from more complex, accompanied 
by a conversion of potential into 
kinetic energy ; also spelt Kara- 
BOLISM ; Catacle’sium + (KAjows, a 
shutting up) = DicLEstum; Cata- 
corolla (corolla, a little garland), a 
second corolla formed exterior to 
the true one; resembling a hose-in- 
hose flower ; catad’romous (dpépos, 
course), Luerssen’s term when the 
first set of nerves in each segment 
of a Fern frond is given off on the 
basal side of the mid-rib, as in 
Osmunda ; Catagen’esis (yéveows, a 
beginning), retrogressive evolution, 
by loss of attributes or simplifica- 
tion of structure ; Catal’ysis (Avors, 
a loosing), chemical changes effected 
by a substance which does not itself 
undergo change; ferment action ; 
eatalyt’ic, modification of chemical 
force which causes catalysis; cata- 
metad’romous (+metadromous) in 
Ferns, when they are sometimes 
catadromous and sometimes meta- 
dromous, which may occur in the 
same species; catapet’alous, -us, 
(réradov, a flower-leaf), where 
petals are united only by cohesion 
with united stamen, as in Malva ; 
Cat/aphyll, Cataphyll’a, pl. (pvAdov, 
leaf), the early leaf-forms of a plant 
or shoot, as cotyledons, bud-scales, 
rhizome-scales, etc.; in German, 
Niederblatter ; cataphyllary, of the 
nature of the foregoing ; ~ Leaves, 
= CATAPHYLLS. 
Cat’apult Fruit; those fruits dispers- 
ing seeds or fruit segments by the 
elasticity of their peduncles. 
Cat‘echu, pr. Cat’eshoo, cutch, the 
heart - wood of Acacia Catechu, 
Willd., powerfully astringent from 
its rich tannin-contents. 
cat/enate (catena, a chain), the co- 
herency of Diatom frustules in a 
connected chain; caten’ulate, ca- 
tenula'tus, formed of parts united 
or linked as in a chain, 
