Apostrophe 
arachnoid 
by bleeding, gumming etc. ; Apost’- 
rophe (o7rpd¢7, turning) the position 
assumed by the chloroplastids 
during intense light, along the sides 
of the cell-walls, instead of the 
outer surface ; negative ~, is caused 
by weak light, as at night, and 
positive ~ , by strong light ; apot’ro- 
pous (7péros, direction) used of an 
anatropous ovule, which when pen- 
dulous has the raphe averse. 
Ap‘othece = Apothe’cium (4717, a case), 
an organ of fructification peculiar 
to lichens, and usually cup-shaped 
‘* Shields.” 
Appendage, Appen’dix (Lat. an ad- 
dition), (1) a part added to another, 
as leaves are appendages to the 
stem, (2) a name given to processes 
of any kind, especially those of the 
perithecia of fungi; (3) in the 
plural the term Appen’dices was 
formerly applied to suckers, such 
as the offsets of the Pineapple. 
appen’dent, appen'dens (appendo, I 
hang by), when the hilum is 
directed towards the upper part 
of the seed, which is sessile or 
nearly so on the placenta, as in 
stone-fruits. 
appendic’ulate, appendicula’tus (ap- 
pendicula, a small appendage), 
furnished with appendages; ap- 
pen’dicled. 
Appendic’ulum +, diminutive of Ap- 
PENDIX. 
appense’ (appen’sus, weighed), being 
hung up as a hat is upon a peg, an 
approach to pendulous (Lindley 
in Loudon, Encye. Pl. 1095). 
ap’planate, applana’tus (ad, to, plan- 
atus, made flat), flattened out or 
horizontally expanded. 
Ap’ple, a fleshy, inferior, plurilocular, 
two to five-seeded fruit, technically 
styled a Pome. 
applica’tus (Lat. close to, or at- 
tached), applicate'vus, applied face 
to face, without folding. 
ap’posite, appos'itus (Lat, applied to), 
when similar parts are placed close 
to or side by side; apposifo’liar 
(foliwm, leaf), an error for oppositi- 
21 
folious ; Apposit’ion, side by side 
or close to; ~ Theory, of the 
growth of the cell-wall, as due to 
repeated disposition of layers of 
substance on the internal surface 
of the original cell-wall. 
appress’ed, appress’us,(ad, to, pressus, 
kept under), lying flat for the whole 
length of the organ; Appres’‘sors, 
organs of attachment of germinating 
filaments of parasite to host. 
approx’imate, approxima/tus (ad, to, 
proximo, I approach), drawn close 
together, but not united. 
Aprica/rium (apricus, lying open), the 
summer habitation of plants in 
botanic gardens, for exposure to 
sun and air ; apri’cus (Lat.), living 
in open sunny places. 
apterous, -rus (a, without, mrepdv, a 
wing), wingless, used of petioles, 
seeds, and the like; apyre’nus 
(ruphv, seed), applied to fruit which 
is seedless, as cultivated varieties 
of the pineapple, orange, or grape. 
Aquar’ium (Lat. relating to water), a 
tank for aquatics in botanic 
gardens. 
aquat’ic, aquat'icus (aqua, water), 
living in water ; aquat’ilis, has been 
defined as living under water ; the 
first category would include Lemna, 
and Typha, the second, Cerato- 
phyllum, Chara, etc. 
aq'ueous, ag’weus, aquo'sus (Lat. 
watery) ; (1) indicates some colour- 
less structure, hyaline ; (2) having , 
much water in the tissues ; aq’ueous 
Tissue, consists of one or more 
layers of thin walled parenchy- 
matous cells, destitute of chloro- 
plastids, with much watery sap, 
without interspaces, and acting as 
water-reservoirs ; aquif’erous (/ero, 
I bear) Tissue, is a synonym. 
Ar’abin, a substance derived from 
Gum Arabic, deflecting the polarised 
beam to the left; Ar’abinose, a 
glucose obtained from it, also from 
cherry-gum ; Arabinox’ylan, a hemi- 
cellulose, found in the bran of wheat 
and rye. 
arach’noid, 
arach’noideus (dpaxrn, 
