turned 
Umbel 
Pans which yields a yellow 
e, 
turned, in botany, directed towards ; 
as ~ in’wards = introrse; ~ out’- 
wards = extrorse. 
tur’nip-shaped, also termed napiform. 
Turpentine (terebinthus, turpentine 
tree), the solution of resins in tere- 
bene; ~ Ves’sels, tubes in the 
wood in which the turpentine col- 
lects during growth, common in 
Conifers. 
Tus’sock, a tuft of grass or grass-like 
plants. 
Twig, a small shoot or branch of a 
tree; ~ Cli‘mbers, Schenck’s term 
for certain Brazilian lianes, the 
young leafy lateral branches being 
sensitive where in contact with 
their supports; ~ Gall, a morbid 
growth ascribed to the action of 
bacteria; ~ -like, long, flexible 
and wandlike. 
Twin, in pairs, geminate, didymous. 
Twi’ners, plants which twine or climb 
by winding their stems round their 
support ; twining, winding spirally. 
twist’ed, contorted. 
two-cleft, bifid; ~ -edged, ancipital, 
laterally compressed with two sharp 
angles parallel with the axis; ~ 
-forked, dichotomous; ~ -lipped, 
bilabiate; ~ -parted, bipartite ; 
~ -ranked, distichous ; ~ -toothed, 
bidentate. 
tychopot’amic (rvy7, chance, rorapds, 
ariver) Plank’ton, the floating 
organisms of pools and river over- 
flows (Zimmer). 
tylic’olor (Mod. Lat.), the colour of a 
woodlouse, slate or dark grey. 
Ty'lose, T'ylo’sis (rvAos, a callosity), 
a cell intruding into a duct. 
tym’paniform (tympanum, a drum, 
forma, shape), drum-shaped, as 
the membrane covering a Moss- 
capsule ; Tym’panum, the mem- 
brane across the mouth of the 
capsule of a Moss, the epiphragm. 
Type, the ideal representative of a 
group, genus, species; ~ Spec’i- 
men, the original specimen from 
which a description was drawn up ; 
typical, typ'icus, representing the 
plan or type; ~ Cells, fundamental 
cells; ~ Di'agram, the resultant 
form from several empiric dia- 
grams. 
Typhe’tum, Warming’s term for an 
association of 7'ypha plants. 
Ty’rosin (rupos, cheese), an amide, 
similar to Asparagin ; Ty’rosinase, 
an oxidising enzyme which attacks 
the chromogen of certain Fungi 
(Bertrand). 
Ubi’quist (wbigue, everywhere), used 
by Thurmann and adopted by 
Warming for a plant which occurs 
on any kind of geologic formation. 
ulig’inose, wigino’sus, wlig’inous, uli- 
ginar'ius (Lat., marshy), growing 
in swamps; ulig’inal, occasionally 
used for the foregoing. 
Ul'na (Lat., the elbow), a measure of 
about twenty-four inches; ul- 
na’ris, the length of the forearm. 
uloden’droid (elé0s, resemblance), like 
the former fossil genus Ulodendron, 
Rhode, applied to branches of 
Lepidodendron and Sigillaria, bear- 
ing two opposite rows of large, 
cup-shaped scars (Scott). 
wlothrix (of\os, shaggy, Opl£, hair), 
in hair-like crisped linear divisions 
(Henslow). 
ulter’ior (Lat., farther) Pith, cellular 
structure formed in the axis of the 
root after the separation of the 
stele (Frémont), 
ul'tra-seta’ceous (ultra, beyond, 
seta, a bristle, +aceous), very long 
drawn out. 
Um’bel, Umbel'la (Lat., a sunshade), 
(1) an inflorescence, properly in- 
determinate, in which a cluster of 
pedicels spring from the same 
point, like the ribs of an umbrella ; 
(2) { the pileus of certain Fungi 
(Lindley); com’pound ~, when 
each ray itself bears un umbel; 
cy’mose ~, an apparent umbel, 
but with the flowers opening centri- 
fugally ; a cyme which simulates 
an umbel ; par’tial ~, sim’ple ~,: 
an umbel each of whose rays bears 
280 
