Back-cavity 
(ADDITIONS) 
plophagous 
Back-cavity, the inner cavity of a 
stoma; in Germ. ‘‘ Hinterhof.” 
bacteria’ceous, relating to bacteria ; 
bacterici’dal (-cida = killer), ger- 
micidal, destructive of bacteria ; 
Bacte'rioblast (GAacros, a bud), ap- 
pet by Winkler to enigone 
odies, homogeneous at first, then 
in succession finely-, and coarsely- 
granular, at last becoming detached 
bacteria. 
Balanoph’orin, a waxy substance 
which occurs in quantity in the 
stems of certain species of Langs- 
dorfia, a genus of Balanophoreae, 
whence the name. 
ballis’tic, or balis'tic (BdA\w, I ex- 
pel) Fruits, used by Kerner to 
describe those fruits which dis- 
charge their seeds elastically ; cata- 
pult-fruits. 
Bark - parench’yma, 
cortex-parenchyma. 
basid’ial, relating to a Basipl1um; ~ 
Lay’er, the structure in Agarics 
which produces or bears the 
basidia; Basidioli’chenes, Lichen- 
forming Basidiomycetes ; Basid’- 
ium, add, (2) employed by Thaxter 
for the swollen attachment of the 
conidium to the conidiophore in 
Basidiobolus, Eidam. 
basiplas’tic (tAacres, moulded), 
Prantl’s term for those leaves 
whose permanent tissue appears 
first at the apex, the lower portion 
continuing longer as meristem. 
Bast-i/slands, another name for 
PHLOEM-ISLANDS ; ~ Nerves, libri- 
form cells in the leaf of Najas 
graminea, Delile; ~ Parench’yma, 
phloém parenchyma; ~ Rays = 
Mepvu.uary Rays. 
Bath’mism (faduis, a step or degree), 
Cope’s term to denote the force or 
energy of growth. 
bay, dun-colour; an equivalent of 
BADIUS. 
Beglei’ter (Ger., companion) Cells, 
small groups of thin-walled cells 
associated with DrutTeR CrLLs, and 
probably serving as conductors of 
water (Limpricht). 
the same as 
300 
Benth’os (8év40s, depth, bottom), the 
vegetation at the bottom of the 
sea, lakes, or streams; the fixed 
growth as distinct from the plank- 
ton or floating growth. 
ben’zoloid, a group of scents de- 
rived from aromatic bodies, as 
eugenol or oil of cloves, and in the 
flowers of Heliotrope, Lilac, etc. 
(Kerner). 
Berge’ria, formerly considered a 
genus of fossils, now applied to a 
lepidodendrvid stem when the 
epidermis has been stripped off 
(Scott). 
Ber’ry-cone, a cone whose scales have 
become fleshy and fused, as in 
Juniperus. 
Bet’ulase, the same enzyme as GAUL- 
THERASE, but obtained from the 
bark of Betula lenta, Linn. 
Biastrep’sis (G.dw, I force, orpéyus, the 
act of turning), (1) C. Schimper’s 
term for Torsion ; (2) the transi- 
tion from decussate to spiral 
phyllotaxis (De Vries). 
biax’ial (+ Axis), used of a spore 
germinating at both ends (8. 
Moore) ; Bicar’pals, proposed by 
Bessey for the Bicarpella'tae of 
Bentham and Hooker, a series of 
gamopetalous Phanerogams (¢f. 
Gen. Pl. ii. pp. vi-vii.) ; the latter 
term also used by Boulger to 
embrace the majority of Gamo- 
petalae with Umbelliferae ; bicar’- 
pellate, having a two-celled fruit ; 
picel’lular, of two cells; Bilat’eral- 
ism (/atus, lateris, a side), having 
similar or bilateral symmetry, 
taken by L. H. Bailey as the type 
of animal evolution. 
Biochem’ist, an expert in the 
chemistry of living organisms ; 
Biochem‘istry, the branch of 
chemistry concerned with biology. 
biolog’ical Spe’cies, those species 
which differ only by their physio- 
logical behaviour, being morpho- 
logically identical; Bioph’agism 
(¢dyw, I eat), the absorption and 
digestion of the matter of living 
organisms (Boulger) ; adj. bioph’- 
