THE MIND OF THE HORSE 27 



ing to our requirements it is necessary tliai we 

 should give him ideas and place him in circum- 

 stances which make him see and feel the desira- 

 bility and moral necessity of putting his limbs 

 into •'motion in the given way we wish. 



All the actions of the horse have a cause, a 

 motive, and when it is not possible to see or to 

 discover a motive for them, the motive actuating 

 him is the memory of some object seen or heard, 

 some action seen or done. Owners cannot under- 

 stand why their horses offer defence, as they do 

 not know what their men have done to the horses ; 

 the horses however know the reason of their act- 

 ing in this way. 



The motives for the actions of the horse, deter- 

 mining his will, which make him feel the necessity 

 of making or not making a movement, are princi- 

 pally his instincts, his natural inclinations, the 

 desire to satisfy his natural wants (to feed, to 

 drink, to seek pleasure, to flee from pain, to flee 

 from an object which inspires him with the idea 

 of danger or with dread), and the fear with which 

 he is imbued by a superior poAver or a power that 



