IX 



Associations calculated to show the horse our su- 

 periority and to teach him obedience, and 

 associations which make the horse under- 

 stand his strength and teach him disobe- 

 dience Page 83 



We must avoid giving the horse associations con- 

 trary to our purpose of controlling him, i. e. 

 giving him associations which make him 

 understand that he is stronger tlian we are, 

 that he can do as he wishes in opposition 

 to our will, and which teach him disobe- 

 dience ........ 85 



He must be -taught in the same way that he 



learns of himself . . . . . » 97 



The means of teaching are the various aids and 



punishments ....... 98 



Punishments and caresses in teaching ...» 100 



Way of making the horse understand that he is 

 desired to perform or not to perform an 

 action and inducing him to perform or not 

 to perform it. Associations of pleasure or 

 of approval and associations of pain or di- 

 sapproval . . . . . . . » 102 



Necessary conditions in order that the horse may 



learn ......... 107 



Attention » 108 



Confidence » 109 



Obedience » 111 



The associations of pleasure or approval should 

 follow immediately on the action performed 

 and required to be performed, and the asso- 



