HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 91 



the material force is absent they cannot be com- 

 pelled to do it and will not do it. In like wa}^ the 

 anger of an easily angered horse must not be aroused 

 by punishment because this excites him to violent 

 reactions. 



With horses mistakes must not be made with 

 respect to associations, they must not be given as- 

 sociations which are bad or against us or the actions 

 it is desired to teach them to do, because much 

 etfort is required afterwards to overcome them and 

 to make them forget having been the victors. 



With the foal, until the moral ascendant lias 

 been gained over him by which he is made to 

 obey willingly Ave must avoid furnishing him with 

 occasions which tempt him to perform actions of 

 his own volition. It is necessary to avoid turning- 

 round at the same point in a road several times 

 successively, in order not to give him the idea 

 that at that point he has finished his work and 

 must turn back; instead the roads must be varied. 

 We must avoid passing near the stable when it is 

 not desired to put him there, and if it is necessary 

 to pass that way either have sutficient mastery over 



