100 HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 



application in the right way and at the right 

 moment. 



Punishments and caresses in teaching. 



Punishments are not suited to teaching. Their 

 purpose is to induce and to compel the performance 

 of or refraining from any action. In teaching, tlie 

 punishments in order to induce or compel the per- 

 formance of the action taught should be applied 

 with great discernment and very sparingly as tliey 

 may easily render the horse over timorous or excite 

 aversion to us and to the actions it is desired to 

 teach him, and also anger and attempts to react. 



In teaching, the fact of the liorse not making 

 the movement We wish him to make is generally 

 due to his not understanding or having physical 

 difficulty in making it with his body because be 

 has made it a few times or not at all before, or 

 is not sufficiently prepared for it. This should not 

 be punished. A punishment may be given when lie 

 knows well what is required of him and is able 



