HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 113 



counter to the confidence lie should have in us. 

 Therefore he should be shown our superiority, made 

 to see that he can be prevented from doing as he 

 would wish but with the least possible amount of 

 menace and punishment. 



Punishment before his trust, i. e. his confidence, 

 has been obtained, is misunderstood by the horse 

 and regarded as bad treatment, and tends to make 

 bim regard us as enemies. Therefore until the trust 

 of the horse has been acquii'ed punishments should 

 not be inflicted save in extreme necessity, and if 

 we are compelled to use menaces and any punish- 

 ment we must always shortly after make peace 

 again and caress him, and never leave him for 

 any length of time with the idea of dislike. This 

 must always be done shortly after the punishment, 

 and at latest at the end of the lesson, and he 

 should not be allowed to go to the stable with the 

 idea of aversion to us. 



The prevention of wrong actions performed by 

 the foal should be by very gentle, graduated stages, 

 every now and again. One should not hasten to 

 punish every little thing meriting disapproval be- 



