126 HOW THE HOESE LBAENS 



making him afraid, of making him flee in the op- 

 posite direction, and at times, react. 



He understands — to advance if he is threar 

 tened or struck behind with the whip ; — to recede 

 if treatened in front ; — to go to the left if threa- 

 tened from the right; — to go to the right if 

 threatened from the left; — the cavesson punish- 

 ments; — the intermittent puUings of the lounge 

 wliich invite him to advance, to follow the person 

 Avho pulls; — the oppositions made with the lounge 

 on the cavesson, which prevent him from advancing 

 when he Avould wish to do so, and keep him in 

 one spot or make him recede. 



Excited by punishment with the whip he is 

 afraid and runs, but when this punishment ceases 

 he understands that it is better to go slowly. He 

 understands enough to avoid objects of sufficient 

 size to give him the idea that he might be hurt 

 by them. This is not contradicted by the single 

 instances of his going against objects when over- 

 come by fear, or by his breaking out of the en- 

 closure in which he was placed if the sight of 

 other horses excites him to go away. 



