HOW THE HORSE LEAKNS 127 



Tilings and actions ivMch the horse does not 



understand naturalli/ hit ivhic?i he learns 



immediately hi/ means of association with the things 



which he understands, and which if is 



essential to teach him, oiving to their heing a matter 



of prime necessity with a view to his instruction. 



His coming forward on being pulled forA\ ard 

 with tlie lounge althongh lie understands it because 

 it is a material action, may in tlie beginning give 

 him the idea of being subjected to violence, and 

 he may resist by receding. He is taught not to 

 resist the lounge when pulling by threatening him 

 or striking him behind with the whip, whilst being 

 pulled in front with the loimge to make him ad- 

 vance. The lounge with the cavesson and the whip 

 are complementary, and assist each other in teaching 

 the other elementary things it is necessary to teach 

 the horse. 



His advancing towards us, his coming to us 

 whilst he is going in a circle led by the lounge 

 at some distance from us, is explained to him and 



