HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 129 



It is taught him by stopping him, while he is led 

 with the lounge, and preventing him from going 

 on by oppositions with the lounge on the cavesson 

 at the same time associating the action of stopping 

 with the voice sound meant to make him stop. 



Oppositions made in front with the lounge on 

 the cavesson or on the bridle or on the halter are 

 appropriate for making him stop but he may not 

 understand them or may not be willing to under- 

 stand them. They are explained and enforced by a 

 threat made in front. He learns this after the action 

 of stopping him in this way with this sound of the 

 voice has been repeated a certain number of times. 



Advancing and stopping are likewise learnt 

 somewhat from the idea of imitation, because in 

 pulling him forward he has seen the man advance, 

 and when resisting his advance and stopping him 

 has seen the man likewise stop. When these sounds 

 are learnt they may be used without the other 

 aids with which they have been taught him, and 

 may be used to teach him other movements which 

 he does not know, and which it is desired to 

 teach him. 



