HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 167 



tlie whip a little in front of the fore legs near the 

 ground which is a threat against advancing, and 

 to go and caress him. The signals for starting and 

 advancing are : raising the whip, the master's turn- 

 ing to him his side, walking and menacing him 

 with the whip, swinging it round high and back- 

 wards and in the same direction as the horse is 

 to go. When lie has learnt to stop promptly on the 

 stopping signal he can be ordered to point out the 

 person who has a special coat or hat because the 

 master will give him the signal to stop when the 

 horse reaches the person wearing it. 



For teaching to apparently choose and form 

 words the circus master in making the horse go 

 round in the circle holds him with a thin black 

 cord attached first to the middle ring of a light 

 cavesson and later at the back of the cavesson to 

 show less. The cord must be thin and black for 

 the purpose that the horse may not notice it and 

 may believe himself free. The cord is left not 

 stretched and is only used if necessary to oblige 

 the horse to go in the circle and not outside and 

 to stop. 



