HOAV THE HORSE LEARNS 169 



a man dressed in red. Good associations may be 

 coupled witli white clotliing and lie may be taught 

 not to be afraid of white clothing by causing him 

 to be caressed and to be given something to eat 

 by a man dressed in white. 



Evil associations may be coupled with any 

 object and he may be taught to be afraid of it by 

 presenting the object to him and having him frigh 

 tened or beaten by someone, and ceasing to beat 

 him on making the object disappear from his sight. 

 The appearance of the object before him is asso- 

 ciated with his being beaten. The disappearance 

 of the object is associated with the cessation of 

 beating. 



An Abbot of Brittany in the thirteenth century 

 had several fine horses. A nephew wanted to have 

 a particularly good one and the abbot would not 

 let him have it. As the abbot was accustomed to 

 read his breviary on horseback the nephew taught 

 the horse to make jumps when the breviary was 

 taken out by taking it out and exciting him to 

 jump. When next the abbot went for a ride the 

 horse did not fail to make jumps when he took 



