170 HOW THE HORSE LEAENS 



out tlie breviarj^ and the abbot was afraid and 

 believed tlie horse had grown vicious and gave 

 him to his nephew. 



The horse may be caused to acquire dislike 

 and fear of a given place by guiding him to that 

 place repeatedly and there always having him 

 beaten. Passing along the place in which he was 

 always beaten, this place recalls to his mind the 

 punishments and makes him afraid and he desires 

 to escape or turn back. The associations of fear and 

 tliose of ill-treatment coupled with given objects 

 do not need to be repeated many times in order 

 to be learnt. With many horses once is sufficient 

 whilst the associations of caresses coupled with gi- 

 ven objects must be repeated many times in order 

 to be remembered bv other horses. 



Tenehing Mm to seize with the teeth. 



As has been stated, in order to teach him spe- 

 cial actions in which Avalking is not required the 

 horse must be made to stand still alone, held by 



