216 HOW OBEDIENCE IS TAITGHT 



thein, as by not doing anything we do not excite 

 in him dislike and anger. He should be chiefly 

 made to see that his reactions do not hurt us 

 and do not matter to us. If he sees that he hurts 

 us by them, or if lie breaks the cavesson or 

 lounges, he will be excited and take pleasure in 

 the action. In order to avoid bis attacking us when 

 instructing him on foot with the cavesson and 

 lounges, it is requisite we should know how to 

 approach him, how to move around him, so as 

 not to offer the possibility of attack. 



Causes of oppositions and reactions wJiile 



he is being taught confidence 

 and obedience. Sow they may be avoided. 



The causes of oppositions and reactions shown 

 by the horse are: — the want of gradation in 

 showing him our superiority, in preventing the 

 actions which are not desired whilst giving instruc- 

 tion ; — requiring from him tliose actions to which 

 his body has not been gradually prepared — ex- 

 cessive spirits, — fear, — and his instincts; — 



