PEAR 231 



of an object to which he attributes it; — by a 

 threat of harm, of clanger from some large object 

 which is advancing towards him; — by his sin- 

 king into the ground, by his slipping on the ice, 

 and thus becoming afraid even to move. It may 

 be and is often caused by a small harmless object 

 such as a leaf or weed bending in the wind. All 

 the objects which he has never seen may call forth 

 in him the idea of fear. 



Defective eyesight is very often the * cause of 

 the fear of objects. It seems that horses having 

 a perfectly good sight are few. I remember a hor- 

 se which if any object whatever were placed on 

 the ground, and he were led along close to it, 

 was always afraid of it the first time, but not the 

 second. On changing the place of the same object, 

 and putting it twenty yards further away, the first 

 time he passed it he was alwajs afraid of it again. 

 This means that his eye was unable to recognise 

 the same object, and that on the second time of 

 his seeing it in the new place where it had been 

 put, he was not afraid of it because he had seen 

 it once before and remembered having seen it there. 



