260 PBAB 



as he shows the first sign of being afraid of an 

 object in order to bring him in hand and prevent 

 him stopping, because if he is able to stop it will 

 be very difficult to prevent him turning back. To 

 prevent him from swerving or turning back his 

 head and neck should be bent in the opposite di- 

 rection to the object of fear because he is thus 

 hindered from shifting in this direction the centra 

 of gravity of his body and preparing to swerve. 

 Bending him towards the side opposed to that of 

 the object of fear has also the good effect of ma- 

 king it seem to the horse that he is removed from 

 the object of fear, because he sees it as though it 

 were on one side and behind, and is less afraid. 

 If he is allowed to bend his head and neck to- 

 wards the object of fear whilst riding and aids 

 and punishments are applied, he thinks it is desi- 

 red to make him go towards or upon the object 

 of fear, and is so much the more afraid. 



It is understood that the whip punishment 

 should be inflicted cm the side opposed to the object 

 of fear and on the flank. Given on the same side 

 as that occupied by the object it would cause 



