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If the horse is afraid whilst in hand, he can 

 be prevented from swerving or turning back. If 

 he is afraid whilst out of hand, but is very sensi- 

 tive to the aids for exciting motion by applying 

 these aids and holding him he may be brought in 

 hand at the moment he is afraid and prevented 

 from swerving. If he is very much afraid whilst 

 out of hand, and pays little heed to the riding 

 punishments, it is no use applying them, as they 

 do not suffice to keep him in motion, and may 

 excite him to violent reactions. In this case it is 

 best to stop him, to caress him, and to talk to him 

 soothingly, keeping him standing still, and seeing 

 whether his fear subsides, and he can be persua- 

 ded to pass by the voice signal to advance. If he 

 cannot be persuaded, the rider miist dismount, walk 

 in front of the hoi'se, and on the side towards the 

 object and try to make the horse follow. The way 

 of operating with the hands in order to prevent the 

 reactions due to fear on horseback, is explained in 

 The Functions of the Hands in Biding. 



To be able to carry out this prevention of the 

 reactions of fear it is necessary to have studied: 



