REACTIONS 305 



and that the rider is unable to prevent him from 

 doing so, and he will always wish to swerve aside 

 or turn back and will also repeat the reactions if 

 it is sought to forestall him whenever he sees the 

 object which gives him fear. Here the first occa- 

 sion for the swerving and making reactions was 

 his being ridden outside the riding school before 

 mastery of him had been obtained, and the im- 

 mediate occasion his having seen an object which 

 inspired him with fear. 



Suppose a horse which has difficulty in traver- 

 sing and which the rider wishes to force to traverse 

 by punishment with the spur without simulta- 

 neously raising the hand at the moment of appljdng 

 the spur. The horse responds to the spur punish- 

 ment by kicking, throwing up the croup, going 

 against the spur by throwing out the croup on the 

 side where the spur is applied, and if the rider 

 continues to apply punishments he may begin to 

 buck. 



Here the occasion for his learning to react 

 against the application of the spur and throw up 

 the croup on the spur being applied and begin to 



20 



