HARNESS AND VEHICLES. 



99 



is greatest with horses working on level ground. The long- 

 continued, unchanging pressure on the same spot, is much more 

 severe than the shifting which occurs in goiag up-hill and down. 

 For horses employed at heavy work in warm weather, the device 

 shown ia figure 61 affords a very effective 

 protection. It consists of a clean cotton 

 cloth, well smeared with pure tallow, wrap- 

 ped around the collar, and the ends lightly 

 stitched together. It is to fit 50 lightly 

 as to go under the harness, which aids to 

 hold it ia place. A small proportion of 

 beeswax first melted with the tallow win 

 render the application more lasting. Col- 

 lar-pads are also useful for the same pur- 

 pose. They consist of thiu quilted pads, 

 worn tmder the collar. The martuigale 

 holds the coUar from pressing upward and 

 choking the horse, as it is liable to do in 

 going up-hm, or drawing a load, especially 

 if the shoulders are very slopiag. The 

 beUy-bands should be buckled just tightly 

 enough for a snug fit, but not to constrict 

 the chest and prevent its proper ex- 

 pansion as the horse inflates his lungs. 

 For light driving the breast collar, shown 

 at figure 63, may be used. This should be 

 fitted well up from the point of the shoulder, 



as high as possible, without choking. An inch at least should be 

 allowed on each side to accommodate the natural rise of the neck 

 when moving. The pad is to be broad and soft, with the under- 

 girth drawn snug, not tight, the outer girth loose enough to allow 

 for the movement of thills. If a cart is used, there must be a safety- 

 strap, as the outer girth must be drawn tight. The breeching should 

 fit well up on the quarters, as high as possible and not work up over 

 them. The breast collar has a very neat appearance, but is suitable 

 only for Ught work. It rests directly upon the point of motion, 

 where any heavy pressure_must interfere ■with freedom of action. 

 Moreover, it lies directly across the windpipe, and horses are some- 

 times choked down when drawing a heavy load up a hiU in a breast 

 coUar. Yet, for the trotting ring or any Ught work in single har- 

 ness, it is preferable to the EngUsh collar. It shows off a good horse 

 to the best advantage, and is also useful as a change when the 

 shoulders have become galled from working in a collar. 



Kg. 61. — SHOXTLDEE 

 PBOTECTOE. 



