VARIOUS RECORDED FORMS. 11 



Prior to commencing a detailed description of the vaiious species of British 

 SalmonidsB, it will be necessary to take a brief but general survey of the fishes of 

 which it is composed, especially as regards their external form, internal organiza- 

 tion, and some of their natural functions. 



which seldom attains to a foot in length, and is common in the seas and rivers of Scotland and 

 the North of England. Secondly, anadromous forms with even tails, as (4) the sea trout, Salmo 

 tiv,tta, of which he considered the samlet or par to be the young of this or of the salmon, the 

 migrations of the two almost coinciding ; (5) the gray trout, Salmo eriox, including S. cambrieus, 

 and found in the sea and in rivers. Lastly, forms stationary in rivers, as (6) the common trout, 

 Salmo fario, remarking of the Gillaroo variety that when it fed on shell-fish the coats of its 

 stomach acquired a thickness similar to the gizzards of birds. 



Agassiz, in the Eeports of the British Association for 1834, only admitted (1) Salmo salar; 

 (2)8.trutta; (3) S. fario. 



Jenyns, in his Manual of British Vertebrate Animals, 1835, included (1) the common 

 salmon ; (2) the bull trout or gray salmon, S. eriox; (3) the sea trout, S. trutta, inhabiting the 

 sea and rivers, identical with the salmon trout of the London markets and the white trout of 

 Pennant and Fleming ; (4) the common trout, S. fario, with its variety the Gillaroo ; (5) the great 

 lake trout, S. ferox, which he believed to be identical with S. lacustns, of Berkenhout, though 

 Agassiz believed not of continental authors. 



Yarrell, in his History of British Fishes, 1836, gave (1) the salmon, Salmo salar ; (2) the 

 bull trout or gray trout, 8. eriox and S. cambrieus ; (8) the salmon trout, S. trutta ; (4) the par 

 or samlet, S. salmulus ; (5) the common trout, S. fario, and (6) the great lake trout, S. ferox; and 

 in a later edition (7) the Looh Leven trout, S. levenensis. 



Parnell, in his prize essay on the Fishes of the Firth of Forth, 1838, entered very fully into 

 his views respecting the Salmonidcs. He admitted (1) the salmon ; (2) the bull trout, S. eriox, of 

 which he enumerated and figured the following varieties which he had obtained in the Firth 

 of Forth : — a salmon-spotted bull trout, a few spotted bull trout, a thickly spotted bull trout, a 

 large-headed bull trout, a curved spotted bull trout, a crescent-tailed bull trout, a Norway bull 

 trout, and a salmon bull trout identical with S. trutta of Jenyns and Yarrell ; (3) salmon trout, 

 8. trutta, which is likewise the same as S. albus of Fleming ; (4) the par ; (5) the common trout ; 

 (6) the Loch Leven trout. 



Jardine, in his British Salmonidcs, 1839, figured (1) the salmon ; (2) the phinock or gray 

 trout ; (3) the great lake trout ; (4) the conamon trout and five principal varieties ; (5) the Solway 

 migratory trout or herling ; (6) the salmon or sea trout ; (7) the par, of which he had not any 

 hesitation in considering not only distinct, but one of the best and most constantly marked species 

 which we have. 



White, in the List of the specimens of British animals in the National Museum, enumerated 

 in 1851 (1) the common salmon ; (2) the sea trout ; (3) the bull or gray trout; (4) the common 

 trout ; (5) the great lake trout. 



Knox in 1835 added Salmo estuarius. 



Thompson, in his Natural History of Ireland, 1856, gave (1) the salmon, including the par ; 

 (2) the gray or bull trout, S. eriox ; (3) the salmon trout ; (4) the common trout, including the 

 Gillaroo, which variety he recorded having met with in most fresh-water races ; (5) the great lake 

 trout. 



Dr. Giinther, in a Catalogue of fishes in the British Museum, 1866, divided the genus Salmo 

 as follows : — Balmones (=Tntt8(K, Nilsson, also i^ario and Salar, Ouv. and Val.) having teeth on the 

 head of the vomer and also along its body, the posterior of which latter become lost with age : and 

 Salvelini or chars with the vomerine teeth at all ages are restricted to the head of that bone. The 

 former were subdivided in accordance with their habits into "anadromous" forms or such as 

 migrate from the sea into fresh water to breed, and the non-migratory fresh-water forms. He 

 described the following as species : — Anadromous forms : (1) Salmo salar. Vertebra, 59-60, Csecal 

 appendages, 51 to 77; (2) S. argenteus, Csec. pyl. 61-67 ; (3) S. trutta. Vert. 59-60, Cffio.pyl. 43-61 ; 

 (4) S. orcadensis. Vert. 56-57, Cebc. pyl. 50 ; (5) S. brachypoma, Vert. 59, Csec. pyl. 45-47 ; (6) S. 

 cambrieus. Vert. 59, Csbc. pyl. 33-52. While of the non-migratory fresh water forms, he admitted 

 — (7) S. levenensis, Vert. 57-59, Cbbo. pyl. 49-90 ; (8) S. fario, northern variety gaimmrdi. Vert. 

 69-60, CffiC. pyl. 33-46, southern variety ausonii. Vert. 57-58, Csec. pyl. 38-47 ; (9) S. ferox. Vert. 

 56-57, Csec. pyl. 43-49 ; (10) S. stomachicjis. Vert. 59-60, Ctec. pyl. 44 ; (11) S. gallivensis. Vert. 

 59, Case. pyl. 44 ; (12) S. nigripinnis. Vert. 57-59, Cebc. pyl. 36-42. 



Couch, Fishes of the British Isles, 1864, also augmented the nominal species of salmonidse, 

 describing the following : — (1) Salmo salar ; (2) S. trutta, which he termed Peal, and observed that 

 under several names it exists in considerable abundance through the whole extent of the British 

 Island ; (3) S. cambrieus or sewin ; (4) Sea trout from the Fowey in Cornwall, evidently identical 

 with the so-called hybrids of the sewin ; (5) S. trutta no. 2, termed salmon trout, which he 

 asserted to be more a fish of the north than the generality of this genus, and seemed to be 

 identical with S. eriox, Yarrell, or a compound of S. albus and.S. cambrieus. 



Day, British and Irish Fishes, 1880-84, believing many of the reputed British species to be 

 simply local races, or unstable varieties, decreased the number to — (1) the Salmon, Salvw salar ; 

 (2) sea trout, S. trutta and its several varieties, as the brook trout, Lochleven trout, &o. ; (3) the 

 char, S. alpinus; and (4) the American char, S. fontinalis, which had been acclimatized by fish- 

 culturists. 



