162 SALMONIDiE OF BRITAIN. 



Fug-Salmon or Peal, if large in the Torridge, Marvest-Peal and School-Peal in 

 the Devonsliire Erme ;* Bourge-Trout in Hampshire in the Itchen, the Test, the 

 Beaulien, the Lymington, and other rivers in the county. In its grilse-stage it is 

 termed White-fish, in the Dart and Teign and rivers along the sonth coast until it 

 becomes about six inches in length, when in some localities it is termed Peal (but 

 this latter name is sometimes employed for large fish), while occasionally white-fish 

 refers to the smolts. In some parts of Ireland they are known as Trout-Peal. 

 The young are termed Par or Spawn,\ and in Welsh Sil-hodiam. 



B. x-xii, D. 12-14 (Jt%) /O P- 13-14, V. 9, A. 11-12 (f:f), 0. 19-21, L. 1. 115- 

 130, L tr. |4:|J-, Yert. 58-60, Ckc. pyl. 33-52. 



The form of the body externally is so similar to that of the northern 

 racej that it has been deemed necessary to first ascertain the number of csecal 

 appendages or the strength of the jaws, prior to its being always possible to 

 offer an opinion. § It has both its long and its short-headed varieties as seen 

 in the salmon-trout of the east coast of Scotland. Although it has been 

 asserted that in the sewin the head is " rather long as compared with its depth," 

 while that of the salmon-trout, 8. trutta, " is rather short as compared to 

 its depth," such does not appear to be the rule if sex is also considered. Doubtless 

 it may be so in some examples, but the reader is referred to the outlines of the 

 heads on pages 154, 158, 159, 160. The length of the head in a number of 

 examples was from 4f to 55 in the total, or rather less than seen in salmon-trout. 

 But the proportions of one part of the body to the remainder, and the form of the 

 gill-covers, were so similar to those described for the salmon- trout (p. 154) that 

 repetition seems unnecessary. Teeth — in a single row across the hind edge 

 of the head of the vomer, and in a double row in the young along the body of 

 that bone. This last soon changes into a single row, with the points of the 



* In 1879 a correspondence commenced respecting the blue poll and blue cocks of the Fowey 

 in Cornwall, also termed C/andtemass^s/j, and which were sold in Billingsgate as " Cornish salmon." 

 Some which used to be taken at the beginning of the year were said to have been unmended 

 kelts, while an example sent from that river in December, 1879, to Mr. Frank Buckland, proved 

 to be a male with the mUt fully developed and ready for extrusion. Mr. Nott (1860) remarking 

 on the fish of the Clwyd and Blwy, observed that a great many of the " blue salmon " run up 

 from June to the latter end of August and September ; about half, were true salmon and half were 

 buntlings. In the Towy, in Wales, there is a variety termed salmon glasbach, "little blue salmon," 

 which largely ascend for the purpose of spawning'in the last week in January and the first half of 

 February, and we are told that thirty years ago, prior to the reinstitution of a close season, all 

 the males were crimped and sent to the Severn district as clean run fish, while the females were 

 dispatched there as they were. Pennant recorded the Welsh names as gwyn-i&d, "white-pate," 

 and gleis-idd, " blue-pate." 



t Pennant gave the Welsh names as follows: — Gray salmon, Penllwyd and Adfwlch; sea 

 trout, Brithyll-y-mSr ; trout, Brithyll; white trout, Brithyll gviyn. Captain Benyon, 1860, 

 observed BuU-trout termed Brochyn, is a very inferior fish and spotted; sewin is called Gwiniad, 

 is a very superior one, and without spots. 



X Mr. Kerr sent from Tan-y-Bwlch in Merionethshire, October 7th, 1885, a sewin 14 inches 

 long, length in inches of head 4'5, of eye 0'55, of snout 1'5, eyes apart 1-4, pectoral fin 2'5, depth 

 of free portion of the tail 1'5, cleft of tail 0-6. A male having a small hook on the lower jaw. 

 Dorsal fin spotted, vertebrse 58 -)- x, flesh red. Mr. K^r observed, " I send you a specimen of the 

 fish we get in this river ; it is a fair specimen of wha)f they call here sewin, which I take to be the 

 Scotch sea trout. I have caught lots of fish precisely like this one in the rivers flowing into 

 St. Andrew's Bay, and from there down to the English border, and we always imagined (though 

 it may be wrongly) that they were aU sea trout. There is a fish that I have caught in the Tweed 

 and Teviot also very similar to this one, and called there the bull trout; here they give that name 

 to yellow trout that have gone down to the sea water, but the fish I refer to, which I have so 

 frequently caught, but only in Tweed and Teviot, is a true migratory species, and one which has 

 often puzzled me. X have caught a good many sewin in this river this summer, and it has struck 

 me that most of them were much more like, both in appearance and when on the table, these so- 

 called ' bull trout ' of the border than the ordinary type of Scotch sea trout that I have caught 

 in the highlands and elsewhere." 



§ In a female sewin 6-8 inches long the length of the head was 4^, of the pectoral fin 6 j, height 

 of body 4J in the total length. Eyes — diameter \ of length of head, IJ diameters from the end 

 of the snout and also apart. The vomerine teeth are shown in figure 35, no. 1. In another 

 female sewin 15-1 inches long, the length of the head was 6, of the pectoral fin nearly 9, height of 

 body 5J in the total length. Eyes — diameter 5J in the length of the head, IJ diameters from the 

 end of the snout, and 1 J apart. The vomerine teeth are shown in figure 35, no. 2. 



