237 



CHAR. 

 1. British Char, Plate IX, fig. 1 and 2. 



Umhla minor, Gesner, p. 1201 ; Willoughby, p. 196, t. N. 7 ; Ray, p. 65. Salmo 

 Lemani lacus sen Umhla, Rondel, ii, p. 160 ; Willoughby, p. 197, t. N". 5 ; Ray, 

 p. 66 {Gilt charre). Gharr, Pennant; Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776), iii, 305, pi. Ix and 

 (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 407, pi. Ixi ; Low, Fauna Oread, p. 234. 



Salmo alpinus, Linn. Faun. Sueo. p. 117, no. 310, Syst. Nat. i, p. 510 ; Gmel. 

 Linn. p. 1370 ; Bonn. Enc. Ich. p. 162, pl. Ixvii, f. 272 ; Nilss. Skand. Faun. Fisk. 

 p. 426 ; Jardine, Brit. Ass. vol. iv, p. 614 ; Gunther, Proc. Zool. See. 1863, p. 8 

 and Catal. vi, p. 127 ; GoUett, Norges Fiske, p. 160 ; Day, Brit, and Irish Fish, ii, 

 p. 112, pl. cxvii, f. 1. 



Salmo umhla, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 511 ; Bloch, t. ci ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1371; 

 Bonn. Enc. Ich. p. 164 ; Jurine, Poiss. Lao Leman, pl. y ; Agassiz, Poiss. d'eau 

 douce, pl. ix, x and xi ; Ouv. and Val. xxi, p. 233 ; Parnell, Mem. Wern. Soc. vii, 

 p. 308 and Fish. Firth of Forth, p. 148; White, Catal. Brit. Fish. p. 78; 

 Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 160 ; Heckel and Kner, Siisswasserf. p. 285 ; 

 Gunther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 39 and Catal. vi, p. 125 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, 

 iii, p. 530, f. 207. 



Salmo salvelinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 511 ; Bloch, t. xcix; Gmel. Linn. p. 1370 ; 

 Bonnaterre, Ency. Ich. p. 162, pl. Ixvii, f. 273; Guv. and Val. xxi, p. 246; 

 Tarrell, Brit. Pish. (Ed. 3), i, p. 241 ; Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 38, 1863, 

 p. 7 and Catal. vi, p. 126 ; Blanchard, Poiss. France, p. 444, f. 115. 



Alpine cJiarr, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 272, pl. ccxxvi. 



Salvelinus alpinus, Malm, Bohuslaus Fauna, p. 540.* 



Variety. Toeqoch oe Welsh CHAK.f 



Torgoch, Willoughby, p. 196. Umhla minor, Gesner ; Farrington, Phil. Trans. Roy. 

 Soc. 1755, p. 210. Torgoch, Pennant, Brit. Zool. 1. c. ; Bed Charre or Torgoch,'Ra,j, 1. c. 



Salmo salvelinus, Donovan, Brit. Fish, v, pl. cxii ; Turton, p. 104; Jenyns, 

 Brit. Yert. p. 428 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 1), ii, p. 70, c. fig. (ed. 2), ii, p. 121. 



Salmo umhla, Jenyns, p. 427. 



Salmo camhrieus, Giiuther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 49, pl. vi (not Donovan). 



Salma perisii, Gunther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1865, xv, p. 75, and Catal. 

 vi, p. 133 ; Houghton, British Fresh-water Fishes, p. 141, c. fig. ; Day, Brit, and 

 Irish Fish, ii, p. 112, pl. cxix, f. 2. 



Torgoch, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 264, pl. ccxxiii. 



Variety. Windeemeee Chae.J Plate IX, fig. 2 and 3, 



Gharr of Windermere, Willough. 1. c. ; Case charr, Pennant, 1. c. and Ray, 1. c. 

 Salmo alpinus, Donovan, Brit. Fish. pl. Ixi ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 104 ; 

 Fleming, Brit. An. p. 180. 



* While this work was going through the press I received a copy of Dr. P. A. Smith's mag- 

 nificent monograph on Salmonidse {Till hongl. Vet. Akad. Inlemnad den Jan. 14th, 1886), in which 

 the text, the elaborate tables of measurements, and the beautiful plates are worthy of great praise. 



t D. 12-13 (V) I 0, P. 12, V. 9, A. 11-12 ('f), C. 21, L. 1. 125-135, Vert. 61, C^c. pyl. 36. 



This form has moderately-sized teeth, pectoral fin extending more than half way to the base 

 of the ventral. It is said to have 170 rows of scales descending to the lateral-line, and to be a 

 smaller form than the ohar of Windermere. Numerous red spots on its sides, belly red in the 

 adult : pectoral, ventral and anal fins with white upper and anterior edges. Name — Torgoch in 

 Welsh signifies tor, " a belly," and goch, " red." It is said to emerge from the depth of the lakes 

 seeking the shaUows for a short period in winter. It rises to a fly. 



t D. 12-13 (%#) I 0, P. 13-14, V. 9-10, A. 11-12 (-jV), C. 19, L. 1. 126, Vert. 59-62, Csec. pyl. 28-44. 



Teeth — of moderate strength, 4 in each premaxillary ; 20 in each maxillary. Fins — pectoral 

 reaches more than half-way to the root of the ventral. Colours — sides with red dots: belly red : 

 pectoral, ventral and anal with white margins. ScaUs — from 118 to 128 along the lateral-Hue, 

 and a larger number (180) have been recorded in rows descending to it. In an example 7-2 

 inches long, from Windermere, there were 10 finger marks on the left side and 11 on the right. 

 Vertebrte 60 -1- x, and 13 gUl-rakers on the outer branch of the lower branchial arch ; in the two 

 males figured one had 33, the other 42 cscal appendages. 



