278 SALMONID^ OP BRITAIlSr. 



Genus 2 : — Thymallus, Guvier. 



BrancMostegals seven to ten: pseudobrancMce well developed. Body somewhat 

 elongated and compressed. Gape of mouth small ; maxilla short, rarely extending 

 to beneath the middle of the orbit. Minute teeth on the jaws, near the head of the 

 vomer, and on the palatines : none on the tongue. First dorsal with many rays 

 (20-24 rays) : second dorsal fin adipose : caudal forked. Stomach siphonal. Scales 

 rather large. Lateral-line well marJced. Omcal appendages rather numerous. 

 Air-bladder very large. 



Geographical distribution. — In the northern hemisphere, generally restricted to 

 fresh waters : in Europe, it appears to prefer cold and mountainous streams to 

 more temperate climes, and abounds in Scandinavia and Lapland, the east of 

 France and the north of Italy. 



The Grayling, Plate X, fig. 1. 



Thymalhis sen Thymus, Belon. De Aquat. p. 184; Salvian. fol. 81, t. xvi ; 

 Rondel, ii, p. 187; Gesner, pp. 978, 979; Aldrov. v, c. 14, p. 594; Jonston, iii, 

 tit. i, c. 3, p. 128, t. xxvi, f. 3, 4, and t. xxxi, f. 6; Willoughby, p. 187, t. N. 8; 

 Ray, p. 62. Goregonus, no. 3, Artedi, Synon. p. 20, Genera, p. 10, Species, p. 41. 

 Salmo, GronoT. Zooph. no. 375. Trutta, Klein, Pise. MSS. y, p. 21, no. 15, t. iv, 

 f. 5. Grayling, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) iii, p. 311, pi. Ixi (Ed. 1812), iii. 

 p. 414, pi. ixxii ; Low, Fauna Oread, p. 224 ; Davy, Salmonia, 1832, p. 198 ; 

 Duhamel, Peches, ii, p. 218, pi. iii, f. 2. 



Salmo thymallus, Lin. Syst. Nat. i, p. 512 ; Bloch, Fisohe Deuts. i, p. 158, 

 t. xxiv ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1379 ; Bonn. Ency. Ich. p. 167, pi. Ixix ; Bl. Schn. p. 410; 

 Donovan, Brit. Fish, v, pi. Ixxxviii ; Pall. Zoo. Ross.-As. iii, p. 364; Turton, Brit. 

 Fauna, p. 104 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p, 163. 



Salmo thymus, Bonnaterre, 1. c. p. 167. 



Goregonus thymallus, Lacep. v, p. 254 ; Flem. Brit. An. p. 181 ; Jurine, Poiss. 

 Lao Leman, page 179, pi. v. 



Thymallus vulgaris, Nilss. Prod. Ich. Scan. p. 13, and Skand. Fauna Fisk. 

 p. 447 ; Jenyns, Manual, p. 430 ; Bonap. Peso. Eur. p. 23 ; Kroyer, Dan. Fisk. iii, 

 p. 36, c. fig. ; Yarrell, Brit. Fishes (ed. 1), ii, p. 79, c. fig. (ed. 2), ii, p. 136 

 (ed. 3), i, p. 304; White, Gatal. p. 80 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 167 ; 

 Schlegel, de Dier. Ned. p. 133 ; Siebold, Sus. w. f. Mit. Eur. p. 267 ; Giinther, 

 Catal. vi, p. 200 ; J. Warnimont, Pub. de I'lnst. de Luxen. xi, pp. 1-48 ; Collett, 

 Norges Fiske. p. 171; Feddersen, p. 78; Canestrini, Fauna Italia, Peso. p. 23; 

 Houghton, Brit. F. W. Fish. p. 149, c. fig. ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, p. 543 ; 

 Giglioli, Cat. Peso. Ital. p. 42 ; Day, British and Irish Fish, ii, p. 131, plate 

 cxxiv. 



Thymallus vexillifer, Agass. Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Neuch. i, t. B, t. D, f. 5-8, and 

 Poiss. d'eau douce, pla. xvi, xvii, sviia; Guv. and Val. xxi, p. 438; Heckel and 

 Kner, Suss. w. f. p. 242 ; Blanchard, Poiss. des eaux douces, France, p. 437, 

 f. 113. 



Thymalus gymnothorax, Guv. and Val. xxi, p. 445, pi. 625 ; Giinther, Fische des 

 Neckars, p. 117. 



Grayling, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 280, pi. ccxxviii. 



B. vii-x, D. 20-24 (xlIfB) I 0, P. 15-16, V. 10-11, A. 11-14 (I.^l), C. 21, 

 L. 1. 75-86, L. tr. Tflfa, Csec. pyl. 22-30, Vert. 89/22. 



Length of head 5^ to 6, of caudal fin 6, height of body 4j to 5 in the total 

 length. Eyes — diameter of each 4 in the length of the head, IJ diameters from 



