286 SALMONID^ OF BRITAIN. 



Gazette (January 30th, 1886) says that he has frequently heard chub called by that 

 name while staying at Carlisle, and he considered that it was absent. Mr. Bewley, 

 Land and Water (September 9th, 1886), remarked that on May 26th he returned a 

 small one while fishing in some private water near Appleby, some 2000 fry had 

 been put in during 1882-83 : in the Esk (Heysham) : while two examples from the 

 Tyne, presented by Mr. Knight, are in the British Museum. In varying abun- 

 dance in the middle waters of the Wharpe, Washburn, Nidd, Ure, and Swale ;* 

 also in the Cover, Wiske, and Colbeck, the Rye, and other tributaries of the Upper 

 Derwent and the Scalby Beck near Scarborough. In a limited amount in the Tees, 

 and has been introduced into the Esk. Formerly common in the Ribble and 

 Hodder, their extreme scarcity — if not extinction — being ascribed to the great 

 increase of salmon (Yorkshire Vertehrata).f In Lancashire, the Ribble, in Derby- 

 shire and Staffordshire, the Dove, the Wye, the Trent, the Blithe and the Hodder. 

 In Shropshire, the Severn, the Teme, the Clun, the Corve and the Onny. 

 In Merionethshire, the Dee, and in Montgomeryshire in the Vamuy and 

 the Tanat. In Herefordshire, the Arrow, the Lug, the Dove, the Wye, 

 and the Irwin contain them. The Windrush in Gloucestershire. J In 

 Hampshire and Wiltshire in the Test, having been introduced from the 

 Avon (Davy), also present in the Itchen and both the Avons. Hamilton 

 remarked the Dove, the Derwent, the Teme, and the Trent were formerly con- 

 sidered the grayling rivers par excellence ; but they must now give way to our 

 southern rivers as the Avon, the Itchen, the Test. In the Kennett in Wiltshire 

 they have also succeeded well, also in its tributary the Lambourne. 



The Swansea Guide stated this fish to be taken in the neighbourhood, but 

 of this Dillwyn doubted the correctness. Mr. Harford stocked the Tivy below 

 Lampeter with many thousand grayling, which have disappeared. In 1863, 

 1470 fry were placed in the Lea rather more than three miles beyond Hertford 

 (Wix). In May, 1866, it was introduced into the Lornan at Tiverton (Parfitt). 

 It appears also to have been introduced into the Thames. 



Ireland. — Rutty, 1772, observes " Thymallus, the Grayling or Umber. With 

 us it is a sea fish, and less than Willoughby's, which is a river fish." It seems to 

 me probable that he nxay refer to Ooregonus oxyrhynchus as I received an example 

 as a grayling. Brown two years after Rutty (1774) enumerated the 

 grayling : but Thompson observed that " the par has been sent to me from the 

 south of Ireland under the name of grayling. Perhaps this name, as applied to 

 the par, may be a corruption of the word graveling, which is generally applied to 

 that fish in the southern counties." 



Pennant recorded one of 4 lb. 6 oz. from the Teme at Ludlow. Tarrell men- 

 tioned another one of 4f lb. from the Test, and Daniel one of 5 lb. from near 

 Shrewsbury and one of 5j lb. in the spring of 1887 was caught in a weir trap at 

 the top of the Camlet in Shropshire. In Lapland it is said to reach to 8 or 9 lb. 

 weight. 



* A correspondent in The Field (November 25th, 1882) denied the present existence of this fish 

 in the Swale ; the British Museum possesses tour specimens reputed as from that river, received 

 with Parnell's oolleotiou. 



t Mr. J. A. Busfeild, in 1880, remarked that the upper reaches of the Aire are not suited to 

 the habits of grayling. In Gent's History of Bipon, published one hundred and fifty years ago, and 

 containing an account of Keighley, it is stated that the Eiver Aire contained, among other fish, 

 " Dares, gralings, perch, eeles, chub, trout, salmon, and salmon smelts." This seems conclusive 

 evidence that in former times the Aire at Keighley contained grayling, that they have been 

 gradually exterminated by pollution, and that the Castlefield Weir has had nothing to do with 

 their non-existence above Keighley. Mr. Ashton observed {Field, October 11th, 1884) seventeen 

 were taken from North Derbyshire, March 31st, 1870, averaging J lb. each, in a barrel of thirty 

 gallons, by dog-cart to Sheffield, then by rail to Wymondham, thence by dog-cart to Fornoett St. 

 Peter, and put into the river there. March 17th, 1871, fifteen brace from the same river, all large 

 fish, some full of ova, and turned in at Mr. Irby's, Boyland Hall. April 17th, 1872, thirty-one brace 

 from i to 1 lb. to Fomcett St. Peter. April 16th, 1873, twenty and a half brace, J to Forncett, 

 and i to Boyland Hall. April, 1877, from the Wye to Oakley Park, Suffolk, for the Eye. April, 

 1879, fifteen brace from the Wye to the Kennett. 



I The Earl of Coventry placed grayling in a tributary of the river at Naunton Bridge, between 

 1859 and 1864, on different occasions ; they are now thriving there. 



