CHAPTER II 

 THE ORDER OF APES AND MONKEYS 



PRIMATES 



This Order includes all creatures with hands, 

 and hand-like feet. With the exception of the 

 Japanese red-faced monkey, the tscheli monkey 

 of China, and two or three other Chinese species, 

 all its members inhabit the tropics, far below the 

 frost line. It is on or near the Equator that the 

 lower Primates reach their highest development, 

 and the great apes approach nearest to man. 

 Let it not be supposed, however, that the chain 

 of evolution from the aye-aye to the gorilla is 

 complete; for the gap between the gibbons and 

 the monkeys is much greater than that between 

 the gorilla and man. 



All men, even savages, are specially interested 

 in apes and monkeys, because they are the high- 

 est of the lower animals, and stand nearest to 

 man. There is no human being of sound mind 

 to whom their human-likeness does not appeal. 

 For this reason, we will introduce here several 

 species which are not found in the New World, 

 for the reason that without them our Foundation 

 for the Mammalia would be incomplete. 



Although tropical America contains a very 

 respectable number of species of monkeys, they 



are, as a whole, both structurally and mentally, 

 far lower than the monkeys and baboons of the 

 Old World. Structurally they are weak, in 

 spirit they are timid and cowardly^ and intel- 

 lectually they are dull to the point of stupidity. 

 With the exception of the sapajous, they are 

 in general so ill fitted to survive that if they are 

 on exhibition it is a difficult matter to keep any 

 of them alive in captivity much longer than one 

 year. If not exhibited, they survive longer. 



On the other hand, very many of the monkeys 

 and baboons of the Old World have developed 

 first-class fighting powers, and pugnacious tem- 

 pers. They have dangerous canine teeth, wide- 

 spreading jaws, strong muscles, and keen wits 

 for either attack or defence. The Lemuroids, 

 however, the lowest of the Primates, are as mild- 

 mannered and harmless as rabbits. 



With Ethnology, the study of the races pf 

 Mankind, we have here nothing to do. That 

 subject is so interesting, and so vast in its ex- 

 tent, that nothing less than an entire volume can 

 adequately set it forth. The grand divisions of 

 the Primates in general are as shown below. 



S 



a 

 pj 

 o 



SUB-ORDER 



ANTHRO- 



POIDEA: 



SUB-ORDER 



LEMU- 



ROIDEA: 



FAMILIES. 



Man, hom-in'I-dae. 



EXAMPLES. 



Anthropoid 



Apes, 



■SIM-I'I-DAE. 



Monkeys ANol^-^^lg^-l^^-^^^'" 

 Baboons, •' 



New -World 

 Monkeys, 



CEB'I-DAE. 



Marmosets, 



Lemurs, 

 Tarsier, 



Aye- Aye, 



( CAL-LI-THRVCI- 

 \ DAE. 



LE-MUR'I-DAE . 



TAR-SI'I-DAE. . 



\DAU-BEN-TON- 

 ( I'-T-DAE. 



7 



Gorilla, 

 Chimpanzee, 

 Orangr-Utan, 

 Gibbon, 



Japanese Bed- 

 Faced Monkey, 

 t Diana Monkey, 

 Gelada Baboon, 



White-Throated 

 Sapajou, 



Black Spider- 

 Monkey, 



Howlers, 



/ Common Marmo- 



l set, 



■ Buffed Lemur, 

 . Tarsier, 



f Aye-Aye, 



Gorilla gorilla. 

 Pan troglodytes. 

 Simia satyrus. 

 Hylobates leuciscus. 



Macacus spedosus. 

 Cercopithecits diana. 

 Theropithecus gelada. 



Cebus hypoleucus, 



Ateles ater. 

 Alouatta. 



Callithrix jacchus. 

 Lemur varius. 

 Tarsius tarsius. 



Dauhentonia. 



