PERMANENT PASTURES. 373 



tions and the same is true of Kentucky blue. In the 

 jSioitl.i, a combination of orchard grass, Russian brome 

 and Kentucky blue would answer well in groves and 

 parks; and for the South, a combination of orchard, 

 tall oat and probably perennial rye. 



For Growing in Marshes. — In marshes where water 

 stands much of the year, it is doubtful if any pasture 

 grasses can be introduced that will give a better return 

 than those which nature may have planted there. Wire 

 grass (^Carex vulpinoidea) is by far the most valuable 

 grass for such situations and it is not a pasture grass. 

 (See p. 295.) Blue joint (Calamagrostis canadensis) 

 will grow in situations that would be too wet for red- 

 top and makes good hay 'but the results from grazing it 

 on lands so wet as those congenial to its growth, would 

 probably prove hurtful to the future growth of the 



GEASSES FOE THE STATES AND PEOVIITCES. 



The grasses best suited for permanent pastures, 

 grown alone or in various combinations, as adapted to 

 groups of states within the union or to groups of prov- 

 inces in Canada will now be considered. The group- 

 ing of these will be the same as in Chapter XV. which 

 discusses Temporary Pastures. 



For the Northeastern States. — Eor the states and 

 provinces of this group see p. 342. The best perma- 

 nent pasture in all these states, spontaneous in char- 

 acter, is Kentucky blue grass and small white clover. 

 These grasses, especially where they have been once 

 grown, will soon take possession of grounds thai have 



