392 GRASSES AND HOW TO GROW THEM. 



nials are not too plentiful, they may be removed, by 

 cutting them with the spud when practicable below the 

 surface of the ground, with sufficient frequency, to ac- 

 complish the end sought in a single season. Where they 

 are too numerous to be thus dealt v/ith, there is no 

 other way but to tolerate their presence until the pas- 

 ture is broken; but whei'c a proper use is made of the 

 mo\v(n-, the scythe and the spud, noxious weeds will 

 be, at least, reduced in permanent pastures, if not en- 

 tirely removed. Those who may desire to got more- 

 information with reference to destroying weeds are re- 

 ferred to the book, "Weeds and How to Eradicate 

 Them," written by the author in 1S93. 



Fertilizing and Renewing. — The necessit}' for having 

 the soil in a good condition as to fertility when perma- 

 nent pastures are laid down has been dwelt upon (sec 

 page 392). When the land has been thus enriched, usu- 

 ally no further fertilization is necessary for a few- 

 years — how many can only be determined by the needs 

 of the land. But it is evident that no soil can furnish 

 grazing indefinitely, especially for cattle without more 

 or less of depiction in fertility because of tlie flesh, 

 bone and milk product sold. The necessity for fertiliz- 

 ing the pastures, therefore, will always exist, and the 

 production from the same will be measurably propor- 

 tionate to the extent of the cnriehnient. Inattention 

 to tliis essential in the raanagenicnt of, permanent pas- 

 tures furnislics one reasiju why tlu-y iire not more 

 in favor with the American farmer. 



Usually eiiiiimercial fertilizers are 2n'(.'f erred for sucli 

 manuring but farm yard manure, if it could be ob- 



