THE NEW AKT OF BREEDING FISH. 13Y 



portions of M. Coste's French work on pisciculture, 

 extracts from Jacobi, and Messrs. Young and Shaw, 

 concluding with Mr. Halliday's report of the experi- 

 ments made at Outerard. Nevertheless, though not 

 original, it is a useful pamphlet. There is a plate, 

 copied from M. Coste, containing diagrams of the 

 utensils used in artificial spawning, with figures of 

 salmon from a day to ten months old inclusive. 



The first discoverer in Europe of artificial spawn- 

 ing was Jacobi, a German naturalist. In 1773, 

 exactly ten years after Jacobi had developed his 

 theory in the Journal of Hanover, it was translated 

 into French by Duhamel du Monceau. In this coun- 

 try Mr. Shaw of Drumlanrig began to breed salmon 

 artificially in the year 1836, and Mr. Young of In- 

 vershin, a few years later, viz., in 1841. The Scotch 

 breeders succeeded in producing salmon artificially, 

 but they difiered widely as to the ratio of growth of 

 salmon so produced. Mr. Shaw maintained that 

 salmon-fry did not attain the smolt or migratory 

 state until it was two years old. Mr. Young con- 

 tended that it did at the completion of its first year. 

 Subsequent observations and experiments have prov- 

 ed Mr. Young right and Mr. Shaw wrong. Messrs. 

 Shaw and Young are, therefore, the first artificial 

 breeders of salmon in Great Britain. In France, in 

 1851, the system was first publicly adopted by MM. 

 Berthot and Detzem, at Huningen, near the Khine. 

 They were preceded by private experiments made 

 by two fishermen of Bresse, MM. Gehin and Eemy. 



