Other Fresh-lVater Fishes With Free Eggs. 201 



termined in what time the eggs will hatch, and how 

 low a figure they will stand. The passage to Ger- 

 many may take twelve days, and two more should be 

 allowed for travel there, making fourteen in all. The 

 eggs usually hatch in rivers in three or four days at a 

 temperature of 70" to 80". We used no ice on the 

 passage, aftd the water averaged about 62°. 



The idea in Fig. i was to have a man on duty night 

 and day to pour the water back into reservoir A a few 

 times and then renew the water, just as would be 

 necessary at sea. The eggs did not hatch, and Prof. 

 Milner, who had charge of all the shad work, came to 

 see me. I complained of bad air and the proximity 

 to a rancid old whale skin, and when he said I had 

 carte blanche to go where I pleased and no restric- 

 tions of any kind would be placed upon me, I girded 

 my loins, took Charles F. Bell, a young medical stu- 

 dent, and went to Point Pleasant, Pa., up the Dela- 

 ware River, where I put up my "laboratory" on the 

 upper piazza of a hotel which opened from our bed- 

 rooms. 



Much time was lost in experimenting; it was found 

 that a temperature below 55" Fahr. was fatal to the 

 eggs; that the broad screen, placed as in Fig. i, did 

 not give motion to the eggs, and that motion was as 

 necessary as circulation. The embryo developed to 

 a certain point, but had no pigment in its eyes. Then 

 we had a hatcher made like Fig. 4, with a small screen 

 at the bottom of the cone. Eureka ! It gave motion, 

 and now the lowest temperature was all we needed to 

 know. Prof. Milner telegraphed from Holyoke, 

 Mass. : "Monroe A. Green and . Welcher have ap- 

 paratus to hatch at sea ; if you are not ready, will send 

 them." Bell advised that I answer "ready," as the 



